Chemical Diversity of Codium bursa (Olivi) C. Agardh Headspace Compounds, Volatiles, Fatty Acids and Insight into Its Antifungal Activity

Abstract

The focus of present study is on Codium bursa collected from the Adriatic Sea. C. bursa volatiles were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-FID; GC-MS) after headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), hydrodistillation (HD), and supercritical CO2 extraction (SC-CO2). The headspace composition of dried (HS-D) and fresh (HS-F) C. bursa was remarkably different. Dimethyl sulfide, the major HS-F compound was present in HS-D only as a minor constituent and heptadecane percentage was raised in HS-D. The distillate of fresh C. bursa contained heptadecane and docosane among the major compounds. After air-drying, a significantly different composition of the volatile oil was obtained with (E)-phytol as the predominant compound. It was also found in SC-CO2 extract of freeze-dried C. bursa (FD-CB) as the major constituent. Loliolide (3.51%) was only identified in SC-CO2 extract. Fatty acids were determined from FD-CB after derivatisation as methyl esters by GC-FID. The most dominant acids were palmitic (25.4%), oleic (36.5%), linoleic (11.6%), and stearic (9.0%). FD-CB H2O extract exhibited better antifungal effects against Fusarium spp., while dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extract was better for the inhibition of Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus flavus, and Rhizophus spp. The extracts showed relatively good antifungal activity, especially against P. expansum (for DMSO extract MIC50 was at 50 µg/mL).

Fullerol C60(OH)24 Nanoparticles Affect Secondary Metabolite Profile of Important Foodborne Mycotoxigenic Fungi In Vitro

“…Inoculum preparation was performed, according to Jerković et al [59]. The number of conidia in the stock suspension was adjusted on 10 6 CFU mL −1 by using a Bürker-Türk counting chamber (Haemocytometer), and checked by inoculating the dilutions to PDA agar.…”

BioProspecting of the Adriatic Sea

“…Drugi razgradni produkt DMSP-a, dimetilsulfoksid (1,52 % (vlakno DVB/CAR/PDMS); 2,63 % (vlakno PDMS/DVB)), identificiran je u vršnim parama suhih uzoraka te alge. 37 Poznato je da zelene alge, posebno vrste roda Ulva, Enteromorpha i Codium te rod Polysiphonia crvenih algi, proizvode velike količine DMS-a za razliku od smeđih algi koje ga proizvode u manjoj količini. 38,39 Ovi literaturni podatci su u skladu s provedenim istraživanjima.…”

“…38,39 Ovi literaturni podatci su u skladu s provedenim istraživanjima. 9,12,37 DMS služi kao kemijski atraktant za fitoplankton, bakterije, zooplankton, ribe i morske ptice. 40,41 Morske makroalge pokazuju veliku sposobnost vezivanja halogenidnih iona, pri čemu nastaju raznoliki halogenirani sekundarni metaboliti.…”

“…12 Niži alifatski alkoholi okt-1-en-3-ol (1,12 % (vlakno DVB/CAR/PDMS); 9,71 % (vlakno PDMS/DVB)) i oktan-1-ol (0,62 % (vlakno DVB/CAR/PDMS); 0,20 % (vlakno PDMS/DVB)) identificirani su i u vršnim parama zelene alge C. bursa. 37 Alifatski alkohol oktan-1-ol glavni je spoj vršnih para smeđe alge Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy, 1960 (37,73 (vlakno PDMS/DVB); 38,60 % (vlakno DVB/CAR/PDMS)), a zajedno s oksidiranim derivatom oktanalom (9,63 %; 7,98 %) prvi put se navodi za tu vrstu alge. 9 Oksidirani alifatski spojevi kao što su heksan-1-ol, oktan-2,3-dion, 6-metilhept-5-en-2-on, 2-etilhept-5-en-2-on ili (E)-okt-2-enal identificirani su u vršnim parama suhih uzoraka alge C. bursa.…”

Characterization and Biological Activities of Seed Oil Extracted from Berberis dasystachya Maxim. by the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Method

“…Methods generally used for oil extraction include expeller pressing and solvent extractions. The SC-CO 2 method has been successfully employed in the extraction of fatty acids and volatile components from many plant sources [15,16]. Temperature, pressure, extraction time, and CO 2 flow rate have been optimized to obtain the optimal extraction conditions.…”