Chemical differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii essential oils by gas chromatography and chiral gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Identification of odorants in frankincense (Boswellia sacra Flueck.) by aroma extract dilution analysis and two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/olfactometry

“…in Oman were considered to be different species (Hepper, 1969;Tucker, 1986), this however was refuted in the more recent literature (Thulin et al, 2008;Thulin and Warfa, 1987), as insufficient evidence supporting the assumption of different species was found. A more recent study (Woolley et al, 2012) reported differences in enantiomeric ratios of specific monoterpenes such as a-pinene, limonene, and myrcene as well as some compounds which were found to be specific for each species. For the present study, we stay with the common opinion of only one species, with B. sacra as the predominant, official name, and with B. carteri used synonymously for trees and resin of Somali origin.…”

Nine triterpenes from Boswellia sacra Flückiger and their chemotaxonomic importance

“…The history of Boswellia nomenclature is fraught with misidentification, most of the authors suggest that B. sacra Flückiger and Boswellia carterii Birdw. are two different species (Hepper, 1969;Hamm et al, 2005;Al-Harrasi and Al-Saidi, 2008;Mertens et al, 2009;Woolley et al, 2012;Al-Harrasi et al, 2012), whereas a few reports considered B. sacra Paul et al, 2012). Triterpenoids were the main constituents of these species except for B. sacra Flückiger and B. rivae Engl.…”

“…to be the same species(Culioli et al, 2003;Ben-Yehoshua et al, 2012). More recentlyWoolley et al (2012) concluded on the basis of physical and chemical analyses, R 1 = H, R 2 = OH, R 3 = CO 2 H 9: R 1 = H, R 2 = OH, R 3 Structure of triterpenoids 1-9 isolated from Boswellia sacra.aroma and color, geographical distribution, and botanical description that B. sacra Flückiger and B. carterii Birdw. are not synonymous but rather two distinct and individual frankincense species.Of the 24 species of Boswellia, the chemistry of the following species has been studied: B. serrata Roxb (Shah et al, 2009…”

Volatile Compounds in Oleo-gum Resin of Socotran Species of Burseraceae

“…Thus, although there have been a number of studies (Bekana, et al, 2014;Hussain, et al, 2013;Al-Saidi, et al, 2012;Assefa, et al, 2012;Paul, et al, 2012;Shen, et al, 2012;Woolley, et al, 2012;Mothana, 2011;Mothana, et al, 2011;Sun, et al, 2011;Li, et al, 2010;Van Vuuren, et al, 2010;Mertens, et al, 2009;Al-Harrasi, et al, 2008;Shen, et al, 2008;Camarda, et al, 2007;Singh, et al, 2007;Frank, et al, 2006;Kubmarawa, et al, 2006;Marongiu, et al, 2006;Basar, 2005;Hamm, et al, 2005;Mathe, et al, 2004;Badria, et al, 2003;Baser, et al, 2003;Hammet, et al, 2003;Mikhaeil, et al, 2003;Dekebo, et al, 2002e;Kasali, et al, 2002;Dekebo, et al, 1999;Verghese, et al, 1987;Strappaghetti, et al, 1982) on commercially important species (Boswellia sacra/ carterii, B. papyrifera, B. serrata, B. frereana, B. neglecta, B. rivae, B. dalzielli), we have practically zero knowledge about the chemical composition of resin of species that have small geographical distributions, including various endemic species. For example, only one study of Boswellia pirottae, a species endemic to Ethiopia (Baser, et al, 2003), has been published as has only one study of three endemic species (B. elongata, B. socotrana and B. disoscorides) from Socotra Island .…”