Chemical diagenesis of Siwalik sandstone: Isotopic and mineralogical proxies from Surai Khola section, Nepal

Sanyal, Prasanta; Bhattacharya, S. K.; Prasad, M. Hanuma

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.06.005

Cited by 48 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This framework was correlated with the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale of Cande & Kent (1995) to obtain ages of the samples. Along with the stratigraphy based on palaeomagnetic normal-reversal sequence, magnetic fabric Sanyal et al (2004Sanyal et al ( , 2005a). correlation, biostratigraphy, iterative matching, and conformable sedimentation rates in adjacent sections were also considered to constrain depositional ages.…”

Section: Geological Settings and Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is believed that sedimentation in Siwalik basin stopped around 200 ka (Ranga Rao 1973;Singh et al 2001) as a result of tectonic activity along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) and associated folding, which led to the formation of an intermontane basin in the northwestern Himalaya and sedimentation continued as fan-terrace systems until the Late Holocene. A number of proxy records including palaeosols (Rettallack 1995; Thomas et al 2002), soil carbonates (Quade et al 1989;Sanyal et al 2004Sanyal et al , 2005a pollens (Hoorn et al 2000), microfossils (Phadtare et al 1994), palaeomagnetism (Sangode & Bloemendal 2004) and general sedimentation pattern have been used to decipher the changes in the Indian summer monsoon from the Siwalik sediments. For the Quaternary period, continental records from northern and western India have been studied extensively and intensively as response systems to shifts in the monsoonal regimes, both in terms of magnitude and in the zone of influence.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the Indian summer monsoon: synthesis of continental records

Sanyal

Sinha

2010

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Fluvial sediments of the Siwalik succession in the Himalayan Foreland Basin form the most important continental archive for reconstructing monsoonal fluctuations during the Late Miocene to Late Pleistocene. A number of proxy records suggest multiple phases of monsoonal intensification with peaks at 10.5, 5.5 and 3 Ma after which the strength of the monsoon decreased to modern day values with minor fluctuations. Detailed evaluation of Late Quaternary interfluve stratigraphic development in the Ganga plains shows that interfluve areas near the major rivers aggraded periodically between 27 and 90 ka. They subsequently degraded or accumulated sediment only locally, probably reflecting decreased monsoonal precipitation around the Last Glacial Maximum. Increased precipitation during the 15 to 5 ka period of monsoon recovery probably increased discharge and promoted incision and widespread badland formation. In western India, the fluvial records back to c. 128 ka suggest a stronger monsoon around 80 ka followed by periods of weakened monsoon around 70 to 30 ka and progressive desiccation in the glacial period. Holocene lacustrine records from western Rajasthan suggest maximum lake levels at c. 6 ka and complete desiccation between c. 3 and 4 ka.

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Section: Geological Settings and Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Indian summer monsoon: synthesis of continental records

Sanyal

Sinha

2010

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“…Najman et al, 1997;DeCelles et al, 2000DeCelles et al, , 2004Bernet et al, 2006;Szulc et al, 2006;van der Beek et al, 2006), and geochemistry (e.g. Gajurel et al, 2003;Sanyal et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

On the influence of diagenesis on the original petrographic composition of Miocene–Pliocene fluvial sandstone in the Himalayan foreland basin of western-central Nepal

Guilbaud

Bernet

Huyghe

et al. 2012

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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“…The micromorphology of these sediments seems to support this. This is also supported by the fact that the diagenesis of the Lower Siwalik sediments has been reported by many workers with the use of many approaches (Chaudhri 1975;Raiverman 2002;Sanyal et al 2005). Most commonly used is the clay mineralogy of the Siwalik sediments which indicates an increased concentration of illite in the older sediments (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Origin of red color of the Lower Siwalik palaeosols: A micromorphological approach

2009

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Palaeosols of the Siwalik Group are associated with fluvial and lacustrine deposits that occur as thick multiple pedocomplexes. The bright red color of the palaeosol beds has been earlier interpreted as a result of hot and arid palaeoclimate. However, as against this view, our investigations of the bright red palaeosol beds of the Lower Siwaliks suggest that the climate was cool and subhumid, instead of hot and arid during the deposition of these beds. Since cold climate is not very conducive to impart red coloration, further research is needed to explain the cause of these red beds. For this, the micromorphological study of soil thin sections was done which showed the presence of features such as dissolution and recrystallisation of quartz, feldspar and mica, compaction, slickensides, presence of calcite spars, subrounded and cracked nature of quartz grains, microfabric, complex patterns of birefringence fabrics, pigmentary ferric oxides, thick cutans and cementation by calcite. These features indicate that diagenesis took place on a large scale in these sediments. The positive Eh and neutral-alkaline pH of soils also suggest that the conditions were favorable for the formation of diagenetic red beds. During burial diagenesis of sediments, the hydroxides of ferromagnesian minerals got converted into ferric oxide minerals (hematite). During deep burial diagenesis smectite was converted into illite and the preponderance of illite over smectite with increasing depth of burial also indicates the diagenesis of sediments. Thus, the red color of the Lower Siwalik palaeosols seems to be due mainly to the burial diagenesis of sediments and does not appear to be due to the then prevailing climatic condition.

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Chemical diagenesis of Siwalik sandstone: Isotopic and mineralogical proxies from Surai Khola section, Nepal

Cited by 48 publications

References 24 publications

Evolution of the Indian summer monsoon: synthesis of continental records

Evolution of the Indian summer monsoon: synthesis of continental records

On the influence of diagenesis on the original petrographic composition of Miocene–Pliocene fluvial sandstone in the Himalayan foreland basin of western-central Nepal

Origin of red color of the Lower Siwalik palaeosols: A micromorphological approach

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