Chemical Derivatization in Flow Analysis

Rocha, Fábio R.P.; Zagatto, Elias A.G.

doi:10.3390/molecules27051563

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…In the Ultra-Violet-Visible (UV/Vis) area of the electromagnetic spectrum, absorption in the visible range has a direct influence on the perceived kind of sample [10]. Chemical derivatization is a spectrophotometric analysis process that converts a chemical substance into a comparable chemical structure result [11]. The bulk of chemical derivatization processes involves the conversion of analytes to compounds with longer chromophores, resulting in apparent absorption [11].…”

Section: Fig 1: Structures Of Some Aminoglycoside Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical derivatization is a spectrophotometric analysis process that converts a chemical substance into a comparable chemical structure result [11]. The bulk of chemical derivatization processes involves the conversion of analytes to compounds with longer chromophores, resulting in apparent absorption [11]. Colorimetric methods based on the fast reaction between amines and carbonyl compounds under proper circumstances to form Schiff's bases, hydrazones, semicarbazones, or oximes are used in the condensation reaction, which is a derivatization process [12,13].…”

Section: Fig 1: Structures Of Some Aminoglycoside Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectrophotometric Fingerprinting and Chemical Determination of Streptomycin, Amikacin, Neomycin, and Gentamycin Sulphate by Condensing With Ninhydrin Reagent

VAIKOSEN,

BUNU,

DODE

et al. 2023

Int J Chem Res

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Objective: The study aimed to develop a simple, efficient, inexpensive, rapid, and reproducible spectrophotometric analytical technique for aminoglycosides analysis by condensing with ninhydrin reagent. Methods: At a pH of 8.0, different aminoglycosides, including amikacin, gentamycin, neomycin, and streptomycin, were deaminated by the ninhydrin reagent. The working standard solution for each component was accurately placed into a series of 10 ml calibrated volumetric flasks, then 1 ml of the ninhydrin reagent was added and heated in a water bath for 15 min. The wavelength(s) of maximum absorption(s) was recorded after scanning the resultant purple complex from 350 nm to 930 nm. The final working concentrations ranged between 1600 and 2000 ug/ml. Results: The average weight of a neomycin sulphate tablet was 0.747g, with a standard deviation of 0.667%. After complexing with ninhydrin reagent at pH 6.0 for 10 to 15 min, all aminoglycosides developed purple coloration that lasted beyond 24 h, compared to the initial white, pale yellow, and colorless appearance of streptomycin, amikacin, neomycin, and gentamycin, respectively. The scanned spectra of the purple complex of ninhydrin formed after reaction with aminoglycosides in the visible region (350-900 nm) were similar, indicating the presence of a common parent structural moiety. At 550 nm, 650 nm, 750 nm, and 850 nm, distinct absorptions were observed. Amikacin, Streptomycin, and Gentamicin had the highest absorbance between 800 and 900 nm. After the reaction with ninhydrin, three distinct absorbances were observed in the Neomycin spectrum: between 380 and 400 nm, 580 and 600 nm, and around 800 nm. The comparative spectra for the four aminoglycosides and ninhydrin reagent with blank show a unique feature for the compounds. The coefficients of regression were 0.996 and 0.995, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed methods for analyzing streptomycin in streptomycin injections were successful. The percentage purity ranged from 017–110 % at 650 and 850 nm, which corresponds to the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) limit that streptomycin sulphate tablets should be between 97.00 and 110%.

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Section: Fig 1: Structures Of Some Aminoglycoside Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 1: Structures Of Some Aminoglycoside Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric Fingerprinting and Chemical Determination of Streptomycin, Amikacin, Neomycin, and Gentamycin Sulphate by Condensing With Ninhydrin Reagent

VAIKOSEN,

BUNU,

DODE

et al. 2023

Int J Chem Res

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“…The chemical structure of CER (Figure 1) contains a piperidinyl amino group. This amino group could be reacted with many reagents, producing colored derivatives [17][18][19][20]. Among these reagents, haloquinone reagents are widely used as chromogenic reagents via different reaction mechanisms.…”

Section: Strategy For Selection Of Color-forming Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Innovative Green and High-Throughput Microwell Spectrophotometric Methods for the Quantitation of Ceritinib, a Potent Drug for the Treatment of ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Application to the Analysis of Capsules and Drug Uniformity Testing

Abuhejail,

Alzoman,

Darwish

2023

Molecules

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Ceritinib (CER) is a potent drug that has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring the anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutation gene. The existing methods for the quality control of CER are very limited and suffer from limited analytical throughput and do not meet the requirements of the green analytical principles. This study presented the first-ever development and validation of three innovative green and high-throughput microwell spectrophotometric methods (MW-SPMs) for the quality control of CER in its dosage form (Zykadia® capsules). These MW-SPMs were based on the formation of colored N-vinylamino-substituted haloquinone derivatives of CER upon its reactions with each of chloranil, bromanil, and 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone in the presence of acetaldehyde. The optimized procedures of the MW-SPMs were established, and their analytical performances were validated according to the ICH. The linear range of the MW-SPMs was 5–150 µg/mL, with limits of quantitation of 5.3–7.6 µg/mL. The accuracy and precision of the MW-SPMs were proved, as the average recovery values were 99.9–101.0%, and the relative standard deviations did not exceed 1.8%. The three methods were applied to the determination of CER content in Zykadia® capsules and drug content uniformity testing. The greenness of the MW-SPMs was proved using three different metric tools. In addition, these methods encompassed the advantage of high-throughput analysis. In conclusion, the three methods are valuable tools for convenient and reliable application in the pharmaceutical quality control units for CER-containing capsules.

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Relevant insights and concepts overlooked throughout the development of flow analysis. A tutorial

Barros,

Zagatto

2024

Talanta

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Chemical Derivatization in Flow Analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 137 publications

Spectrophotometric Fingerprinting and Chemical Determination of Streptomycin, Amikacin, Neomycin, and Gentamycin Sulphate by Condensing With Ninhydrin Reagent

Spectrophotometric Fingerprinting and Chemical Determination of Streptomycin, Amikacin, Neomycin, and Gentamycin Sulphate by Condensing With Ninhydrin Reagent

Three Innovative Green and High-Throughput Microwell Spectrophotometric Methods for the Quantitation of Ceritinib, a Potent Drug for the Treatment of ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Application to the Analysis of Capsules and Drug Uniformity Testing

Relevant insights and concepts overlooked throughout the development of flow analysis. A tutorial

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