Chemical degradation of 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propan-1,3-diol (DBNPG) in alkaline conditions

Ezra, Shai; Bilkis, Itzhak; Feinstein, Shimon; Adar, Eilon; Ganor, Jiwchar

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.016

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Once in the environment, BMP is slowly degraded. Its half life is estimated to be over 100 years in groundwater (Ezra et al, 2006, 2010). Therefore, humans may be exposed to BMP by multiple routes (NTP, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of DNA damage in human urothelial cells by the brominated flame retardant 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: Role of oxidative stress

et al. 2011

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2, 2-Bis (bromomethyl)-1, 3-propanediol (BMP) is an extensively used brominated flame retardant found in urethane foams and polyester resins. In a two year dietary study conducted by the National Toxicology Program, BMP caused neoplastic lesions at multiple sites including the urinary bladder in both rats and mice. The mechanism of its carcinogenic effect is unknown. In the present study, using SV-40 immortalized human urothelial cells (UROtsa), endpoints associated with BMP induced DNA damage and oxidative stress were investigated. The effects of time (1–24 h) and concentration (5–100 μM) on BMP induced DNA strand breaks were assessed via the alkaline comet assay. The results revealed evidence of DNA strand breaks at 1 and 3h following incubation of cells with non-cytotoxic concentrations of BMP. Strand breaks were not present after 6h of incubation. Evidences for BMP associated oxidative stress include: an elevation of intracellular ROS formation as well as induction of Nrf2 and HSP70 protein levels. In addition, DNA strand breaks were attenuated when cells were pre-treated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and oxidative base modifications were revealed when a lesion specific endonuclease, human 8-hydroxyguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) was introduced into the comet assay. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that BMP induces DNA strand breaks and oxidative base damage in UROtsa cells. Oxidative stress is a significant, determinant factor in mediating these DNA lesions. These early genotoxic events may, in part, contribute to BMP-induced carcinogenesis observed in rodents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of DNA damage in human urothelial cells by the brominated flame retardant 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: Role of oxidative stress

et al. 2011

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“…EPA’s report refers to it as a compound that is anticipated to last in water for long periods of time (EPA, 1983). The estimated half life of BMP in ground water is over 100 years (Ezra et al, 2006; Ezra et al, 2010). Due to its persistence in the environment, humans may be exposed to BMP by multiple routes such as inhalation, oral and dermal contact (NTP, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol induced genotoxicity in UROtsa cells and primary rat hepatocytes: Relevance of metabolism and oxidative stress

Kong

Knudsen

et al. 2013

Toxicology Letters

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2, 2-Bis (bromomethyl)-1, 3-propanediol (BMP) is a brominated flame retardant used in urethane foams and polyester resins. In a two year dietary study, BMP caused neoplastic lesions at multiple sites including the urinary bladder of both rats and mice. However, liver was not a target tissue. We previously reported that BMP elicited oxidative DNA damage in a human uroepithelial cell line (UROtsa). The present in vitro study investigated the susceptibility of target (UROtsa cells) and non-target cells (primary rat hepatocytes) to BMP-induced genotoxicity. In contrast to hepatocytes, BMP exhibited greater genotoxic potential in UROtsa cells as evidenced by the concentration dependent increase in DNA strand breaks and DNA binding. Total content of intracellular GSH quantified in UROtsa cells (2.7 ± 1.0 nmol/mg protein) was 4 fold lower than that in hepatocytes (10.7 ± 0.3 nmol/mg protein). HPLC analysis indicated BMP was not metabolized and/or consumed in UROtsa cells at any of the concentrations tested (10–250 µM) but was extensively converted to a mono-glucuronide in hepatocytes. These results demonstrate that a target cell line such as UROtsa cells are more susceptible to BMP-induced DNA damage when compared to non-target cells. This increased susceptibility may relate to the deficiency of antioxidant and/or metabolic capabilities in UROtsa cells.

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Microbial community structure and dynamics in a membrane bioreactor supplemented with the flame retardant dibromoneopentyl glycol

Zangi-Kotler

Ben‐Dov

Tiehm

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a group of widely used compounds that, due to their limited biodegradability, exhibit excessive persistence in the environment. The persistence and high toxicity of these compounds to the natural biota causes great environmental concern. We investigated the biodegradation of the BFR dibromoneopentyl glycol (DBNPG) under continuous culture conditions using a miniature membrane bioreactor (mMBR) to assess its feasibility as a bioremediation approach. This system demonstrated long-term, stable biodegradation of DBNPG (>90 days), with an average removal rate of about 50%. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of the microorganisms involved in this process revealed the dominance of reads affiliated with the genus Brevundimonas of the Alphaproteobacteria class during the different mMBR operational stages. The bacterial community was also dominated by reads affiliated with the Sinorhizobium and Sphingopyxis genera within the Alphaproteobacteria class and the Sediminibacterium genus of the Sphingobacteria class. Real-time PCR used to analyze possible changes in the population dynamics of these four dominant groups revealed their consistent presence throughout the long-term mMBR biodegradation activity. Two genera, Brevundimonas and Sphingopyxis, were found to increase in abundance during the acclimation period and then remained relatively stable, forming the main parts of the consortium over the prolonged active stage.

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Chemical degradation of 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propan-1,3-diol (DBNPG) in alkaline conditions

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Induction of DNA damage in human urothelial cells by the brominated flame retardant 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: Role of oxidative stress

Induction of DNA damage in human urothelial cells by the brominated flame retardant 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: Role of oxidative stress

Comparison of 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol induced genotoxicity in UROtsa cells and primary rat hepatocytes: Relevance of metabolism and oxidative stress

Microbial community structure and dynamics in a membrane bioreactor supplemented with the flame retardant dibromoneopentyl glycol

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