Chemical Degradation

Krevelen, D.W. Van

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-054819-7.00022-4

Cited by 250 publications

(400 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The interactions among molecules may be evaluated using the solubility parameters, which are calculated by dispersion forces, polar forces, and hydrogen bonding35. When two molecules have approximately equal solubility parameters, they tend to be soluble with each other.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Biomass and UV Protective Composite Composed of Compatibilized Lignin and Poly (Lactic-acid)

Kim

Suhr

Seo

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Utilization of carbon-neutral biomass became increasingly important due to a desperate need for carbon reduction in the issue of global warming in light of replacing petroleum-based materials. We used lignin, which was an abundant, low cost, and non-food based biomass, for the development of all biomass-based films and composites through reactive compatibilization with poly (lactic-acid) (PLA). Using a facile and practical route, the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups of lignin were acetylated to impose the compatibility with PLA. The solubility parameter of the pristine lignin at 26.3 (J/cm3)0.5 was altered to 20.9 (J/cm3)0.5 by acetylation allowing the good compatibility with PLA at 20.2 (J/cm3)0.5. The improved compatibility of lignin and PLA provided substantially decreased lignin domain size in composites (12.7 μm), which subsequently gave transparent and UV-protection films (visual transmittance at 76% and UV protection factor over 40). The tensile strength and elongation of the developed composite films were increased by 22% and 76%, respectively, and the biobased carbon content was confirmed as 96 ± 3%. The developed PLA/lignin composites provided 100% all-biomass contents and balanced optical and mechanical properties that could broaden its eco-friendly applications in various industries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Biomass and UV Protective Composite Composed of Compatibilized Lignin and Poly (Lactic-acid)

Kim

Suhr

Seo

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The χ parameter depends on the temperature and the types of polymer(s) or solvent(s) involved. Consequently, many experimental methods have been developed to quantify the temperature dependence of χ , and tabulated values are commonly found in standard textbooks and polymer data handbooks [7, 18]. However, many of these values have not been updated to include recent findings.…”

Section: Application Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, materials properties have been collected in human-curated review articles and handbooks (e.g., the Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook [7], the Polymer Handbook [18]). However, this approach is laborious and expensive, and thus such collections are published infrequently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Human-computer Approach to the Extraction of Scientific Facts from the Literature

Tchoua

Chard

Audus

et al. 2016

Procedia Computer Science

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A wealth of valuable data is locked within the millions of research articles published each year. Reading and extracting pertinent information from those articles has become an unmanageable task for scientists. This problem hinders scientific progress by making it hard to build on results buried in literature. Moreover, these data are loosely structured, encoded in manuscripts of various formats, embedded in different content types, and are, in general, not machine accessible. We present a hybrid human-computer solution for semi-automatically extracting scientific facts from literature. This solution combines an automated discovery, download, and extraction phase with a semi-expert crowd assembled from students to extract specific scientific facts. To evaluate our approach we apply it to a challenging molecular engineering scenario, extraction of a polymer property: the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. We demonstrate useful contributions to a comprehensive database of polymer properties.

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“…Polymers have various applications in pharmaceutical sciences, often being used as gel-forming agents, binders, diluents, thickeners, and protective colloids in liquids, suppositories, suspensions, and cosmetic products 1,2. Polymers are either hydrophilic or hydrophobic in nature 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastroretentive behavior of orally administered radiolabeled tamarind seed formulations in rabbits validated by gamma scintigraphy

Razavi¹,

Karimian²,

Yeong³

et al. 2016

DDDT

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This study aimed to formulate floating gastroretentive tablets containing metformin hydrochloric acid (HCl), using various grades of hydrogel such as tamarind powders and xanthan to overcome short gastric residence time of the conventional dosage forms. Different concentrations of the hydrogels were tested to determine the formulation that could provide a sustained release of 12 h. Eleven formulations with different ratios of tamarind seed powder/tamarind kernel powder (TKP):xanthan were prepared. The physical parameters were observed, and in vitro drug-release studies of the prepared formulations were carried out. Optimal formulation was assessed for physicochemical properties, thermal stability, and chemical interaction followed by in vivo gamma scintigraphy study. MKP3 formulation with a TKP:xanthan ratio of 3:2 was found to have 99.87% release over 12 h. Furthermore, in vivo gamma scintigraphy study was carried out for the optimized formulation in healthy New Zealand White rabbits, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of developed formulations were obtained. 153Sm2O3 was used to trace the profile of release in the gastrointestinal tract of the rabbits, and the drug release was analyzed. The time (Tmax) at which the maximum concentration of metformin HCl in the blood (Cmax) was observed, and it was extended four times for the gastroretentive formulation in comparison with the formulation without polymers. Cmax and the half-life were found to be within an acceptable range. It is therefore concluded that MKP3 is the optimal formulation for sustained release of metformin HCl over a period of 12 h as a result of its floating properties in the gastric region.

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Chemical Degradation

Cited by 250 publications

References 7 publications

All Biomass and UV Protective Composite Composed of Compatibilized Lignin and Poly (Lactic-acid)

All Biomass and UV Protective Composite Composed of Compatibilized Lignin and Poly (Lactic-acid)

A Hybrid Human-computer Approach to the Extraction of Scientific Facts from the Literature

Gastroretentive behavior of orally administered radiolabeled tamarind seed formulations in rabbits validated by gamma scintigraphy

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