Chemical Defense and Sound Productionin Australlian Tenebrionid Beetles (Adelium Spp.)

ADAPTATIONS AND RESPONSES OF DASYMUTILLA OCCIDENTALIS (HYMENOPTERA: MUTILLIDAE) TO PREDATORS

“…Such a sound structure indicates that the stridulation does not serve as an intraspecific communication system for this solitary insect. The literature abounds with examples in which broad frequency, non-uniform sounds have been suggested as components of defensive repertoires (cf Haskeli, 1957;Alexander et al, 1963;Ciaridge, 1974;Eisner et al, 1974;Freitag & Lee, 1972;Blest, 1964;Frauca, 1969;Crowcroft, 1957;Roth & Hartman, 1967;Alexander, 1958;Wheeler et al, 1970;Dunning & Roeder, 1965;Lane & Rothschild, 1965). In most of the above citations of defense by sound, the candidate arthropods also possess other deterrent systems such as irritating secretions, offensive tastes, or painful stings.…”

Chemical Composition and Taxonomic Significance of Defensive Secretions of Some Australian Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera)

“…It occurs as a minor component in Metriolagria (Lagriini) and Homotrysus (Alleculini) and as a major component in Toxicum (Toxicini). Dimethylquinones have also been isolated from carabid bombardier beetles of the sub-families Brachininae and Paussinae (Eisner et al 1977;Roach et al 1979) as well as from Opiliones (Blum 1981). Ethylmethylquinone has been found only in Adelium and as a major component in only 2 species.…”

Acoustic communication in the pine engraver bark Beetle, Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytinae)

“…The present study is one of only a few studies (Buchler et al 1981;Eisner et al 1974;Lewis and Cane 1990;Masters 1979) that have tested the function of "disturbance" signals in beetles with their natural predators. In most of the beetles examined, acoustic signals are followed by the secretion of some noxious chemicals, and were hypothesized to function as aposematic signals (Buchler et al 1981;Eisner et al 1974;Masters 1979).…”

“…In contrast to the plethora of studies describing stridulatory structures and mechanisms (Barr 1969;Carisio et al 2004;Hyder and Oseto 1989;Kasper and Hirschberger 2005;Lyal and King 1996;Schmitt and Traue 1990;Schmitt 1994), very few studies have empirically tested the functions of acoustic signaling in beetles (Buchler et al 1981;Eisner et al 1974;Masters 1979 and1980), and only a few provide adequate descriptions of the signals produced (see Hirschberger 2001;Mankin et al 2009;Schmitt and Traue 1990). Furthermore, the receptor mechanisms involved in receiving conspecific signals are largely unknown for most beetles.…”