Chemical defence against predators in a sub-Arctic fjord

Lippert, H.; Iken, Katrin; Volk, C.; Köck, Matthias; Rachor, Eike

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2004.03.023

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Urticina eques and Hormathia nodosa are abundant anemones at Kvadehuken, but only a single individual of U. eques recruited to a settlement plate there. U. eques lives over 40 yr (Beuchel and Gulliksen ) and is well‐defended against predators in the field (Lippert et al ), so it is likely a late‐succession or climax‐community species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of benthic invertebrates in high Arctic fjords: Relation to temperature, depth, and season

Meyer¹,

Sweetman

Kukliński

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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In the high Arctic, recruitment of hard‐bottom benthic organisms has been studied at single locations, but little is known about how it varies spatially or temporally, or how it is influenced by abiotic factors. In this study, settlement plates were simultaneously deployed at five locations in three Svalbard (Norway) fjords at depths ranging from 7 m to 215 m. Recruitment was significantly different among fjords and among locations within a fjord. Recruits at each site co‐occurred randomly even though interspecific overgrowth was observed. This finding provides further evidence that there is not necessarily a relationship between non‐random co‐occurrence and interspecific competition, such as is traditionally assumed for other isolated, island‐like habitats. We found significantly lower recruitment in an Arctic‐influenced fjord than in more Atlantic‐influenced fjords. The abundance and richness of recruits was significantly lower in fall‐winter than in spring‐summer, but the spirorbid Circeis armoricana recruited in high abundance in fall‐winter. Both the abundance and taxonomic richness of recruits declined exponentially with depth, with the hydroid Stegopoma plicatile dominating at 215 m in an Atlantic‐influenced fjord. The most abundant recruiting taxa (C. armoricana, Semibalanus balanoides, Harmeria scutulata, Celleporella hyalina) can be described as pioneer (early‐succession) species. Crustose coralline algae, a slow‐growing superior competitor, also recruited at one location. Recruitment in Svalbard is highly variable, both spatially and temporally, and our results show the influence of local factors such as adult species composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of benthic invertebrates in high Arctic fjords: Relation to temperature, depth, and season

Meyer¹,

Sweetman

Kukliński

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Similarly, a palatability survey of 81 marine worm species found that the frequency of unpalatability was 2.6 times higher in tropical species compared to warm temperate ones (Kicklighter & Hay 2006). The proportion of species with chemical defense in Arctic marine communities, where predation pressure is low, is also much lower compared to tropical or temperate communities (Lippert et al 2004), but in Antarctica chemical defenses in sponges are common (Amsler et al 2001;McClintock 1987McClintock , 1989.…”

Section: Chemical Warfare In the Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Latitudinal Gradient in the Importance of Biotic Interactions?

Schemske

Mittelbach

Cornell

et al. 2009

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

1,024

1,178

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Biotic interactions are believed to play a role in the origin and maintenance of species diversity, and multiple hypotheses link the latitudinal diversity gradient to a presumed gradient in the importance of biotic interactions. Here we address whether biotic interactions are more important at low latitudes, finding support for this hypothesis from a wide range of interactions. Some of the best-supported examples are higher herbivory and insect predation in the tropics, and predominantly tropical mutualisms such as cleaning symbioses and ant-plant interactions. For studies that included tropical regions, biotic interactions were never more important at high latitudes. Although our results support the hypothesis that biotic interactions are more important in the tropics, additional research is needed, including latitudinal comparisons of rates of molecular evolution for genes involved in biotic interactions, estimates of gradients in interaction strength, and phylogenetic comparisons of the traits that mediate biotic interactions. 245Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2009.40:245-269. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by University of Sussex on 10/02/12. For personal use only.

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“…The major secondary metabolites 1 and 2 show no significant feeding deterrence against Anonyx nugax. [21] The extracts and fractions of Haliclona viscosa as well as haliclamines C (1) and D (2) were also tested for their antimicrobial activity against 5 bacterial strains isolated from the vicinity of the sponge (for details, see Exp. Sect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%