Chemical, crystallographic and stable isotopic properties of alunite and jarosite from acid—Hypersaline Australian lakes

Alpers, Charles N.; Rye, Robert O.; Nordstrom, D. Kirk; White, L.D.; King, Bi‐Shia

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(92)90129-s

Cited by 97 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Alunite is isostructural with jarosite, where the Fe 3+ is replaced with Al 3+ [13][14][15][16][17]. Recently, it has also been found on Mars [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization of Jarosite with Variable Al3+ Content: The Transition to Alunite

Jones

2017

Minerals

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This study focused on the formation of the jarosite-alunite solid solution at relatively low temperature, 90 • C. It was found that the transition from jarosite to alunite results in significant changes in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern, the infrared spectrum and thermal behavior when the degree of substitution reached ≥50%. The initial Al/(Al + Fe) in solution, however, required to achieve these substitution levels in the solid is ≥90%. The morphology shows that the faceted jarosite form goes through an intergrown transition to a spherical morphology of pure alunite. This morphology has not been previously observed for alunite and most likely reflects the formation temperature. Rietveld analysis shows that the a lattice parameter obeys Vegard's Rule while the c lattice parameter behavior is more complex. Empirical modelling of the incorporation of Fe into alunite supports the general trends found in the X-ray diffraction data for the behaviour of the a-axis with Al/Fe content. The dehydration of the Al 3+ ion could be a significant contribution to the activation energy barrier to alunite formation as found for other minerals. Finally, dynamic light scattering showed that the nucleation behavior for jarosite and Fe-containing alunite are significantly different. Alunite appears to nucleate continuously rather than in a single nucleation event.

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“…Alunite is isostructural with jarosite, where the Fe 3+ is replaced with Al 3+ [13][14][15][16][17]. Recently, it has also been found on Mars [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization of Jarosite with Variable Al3+ Content: The Transition to Alunite

Jones

2017

Minerals

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“…Jarosite [KFe 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 ] occurs commonly in the oxidised portions of sulphide ore deposits (Dutrizac and Jambor, 2000), fluvial environments contaminated by acid rock or acid mine drainage (ARD, AMD) (Hudson-Edwards et al, 1999), wastes produced from the metallurgical extractive industry (Arregui et al, 1979;Dutrizac and Jambor, 2000), acid sulphate soils (Schwertmann, 1961;Dudas, 1984;Hyashi, 1994) and clay seams and beds (Alpers et al, 1992;Dutrizac and Jambor, 2000). Jarosite is of considerable geological, environmental and metallurgical interest because it sorbs and co-precipitates considerable amounts of potentially toxic elements such as As and Pb (Dutrizac, 1983;Bigham and Nordstrom, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution of jarosite [KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6] at pH 2 and 8: Insights from batch experiments and computational modelling

Smith

Hudson‐Edwards

Dubbin

et al. 2006

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

128

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Jarosite [KFe 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 ] is a mineral that is common in acidic, sulphate-rich environments, such as acid sulphate soils derived from pyrite-bearing sediments, weathering zones of sulphide ore deposits and acid mine or acid rock drainage (ARD/AMD) sites. The structure of jarosite is based on linear tetrahedral-octahedral-tetrahedral (T-O-T) sheets, made up from slightly distorted FeO 6 octahedra and SO 4 tetrahedra. Batch dissolution experiments carried out on synthetic jarosite at pH 2, to mimic environments affected by ARD/AMD, and at pH 8, to simulate ARD/AMD environments recently remediated with slaked lime (Ca(OH) 2 ), suggest first order dissolution kinetics. Both dissolution reactions are incongruent as revealed by non-ideal dissolution of the parent solids and, in the case of the pH 8 dissolution, because of a secondary goethite precipitate on the surface of the dissolving jarosite grains. The pH 2 dissolution yields only aqueous K, Fe and SO 4 . Aqueous, residual solid and computational modelling of the jarosite structure and surfaces using the GULP and MARVIN codes, respectively, show for the first time that there is selective dissolution of the A-and T-sites, which contain K and SO 4 , respectively, relative to Fe, which is located deep within the T-O-T jarosite structure. These results have implications for the chemistry of ARD/AMD waters, and for understanding reaction pathways of ARD/AMD mineral dissolution.

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“…Jarosite is a relatively common mineral in the supergene zones of pyrite-bearing ore deposits. It can also form in saline lakes and playas from aqueous sulfate that is derived from the oxidation of pyrite and transported many kilometers by groundwater (Alpers et al, 1992). On the other hand, hydrothermal, steam-heated jarosite can form from the aqueous sulfate derived from the oxidation of H 2 S in epithermal environments and hot springs commonly associated with volcanism Rye and Alpers, 1997 1 ).…”

Section: Clay Mineral Reaction Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outlining the thermal posdepositional evolution of the Ordovician successions of northwestern Argentina by clay mineral analysis, chlorite geothermometry and Kübler index.

Campo

Nieto²,

Albanesi

et al. 2017

andgeo

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ABSTRACT. The thermal post-depositional evolution of metapelitic and metavolcanic rocks of the upper CambrianOrdovician succession in the Central Andes of northwestern Argentina, was estimated through X ray diffraction of clay mineral analysis, Kübler Index (KI), SEM-EDS study of selected samples and chlorite geothermometry. The study area comprise five representative regions in Puna and Cordillera Oriental, namely at Sierra de Santa Victoria (Nazareno and Santa Victoria river areas), Cordón de los Siete Hermanos (Yavi), Sierra de Rinconada and Sierra de CochinocaEscaya. The paleotemperatures obtained with the chlorite geothermometer, in coincidence with KI values, show an E-W trend from diagenesis/low anchizone in the eastern flank of Sierra de Santa Victoria, to high anchizone/epizone in the Puna, with intermediate values in the western flank of Sierra de Santa Victoria. This trend, in conjunction with the development of slaty cleavage in the Ordovician rocks from Yavi, Sierra de Cochinoca-Escaya and western localities coincide with the limits proposed for the "Ocloyic deformation belt". The common occurrence of kaolinite in the slates and the metavolcanic rocks of Sierra de Cochinoca-Escaya, coupled with the substitution of chlorite by interstratified lower-temperature phases in most of these rocks and the occurrence of jarosite in a metadacite, indicate presence of hydrothermal fluids with high H + /cations ratios, producing acid type alteration (Utada, 1980), at temperatures between 100 and ~300 °C. The hydrothermal alteration should have been subsequent to the maximum burial and the attainment of epizonal metamorphism, and was very probably related with the posthumous activity of the Ordovician volcanic arc. The widespread occurrence of retrograde diagenesis products (smectite, kaolinite, as well as interstratified Chl/Sm and Chl/Vrm phases) in the anchizonal/epizonal metapelites of Sierra de Cochinoca-Escaya and Sierra de Rinconada constitute, up to our knowledge, the first report of an extensive hydrothermal activity affecting not only the metavolcanic rocks but also the Lower Ordovician sediments of northern Puna.Keywords: Low-grade metamorphism, Retrodiagenesis, Geothermometry, Chlorite. RESUMEN. Determinación de la historia térmica posdepositacional de las sucesiones ordovícicas del noroeste de Argentina mediante análisis de arcillas, geotermometría de la clorita e índice de Kübler. Estudios por difracción de rayos-X de rocas metapelíticas y metavolcánicas, complementadas con análisis textural a escala del SEM y microanálisis de muestras seleccionadas, con geotermometría de la clorita, han permitido delinear la historia diagenética-metamórfica prograda de las sucesiones del Cámbrico superior-Ordovícico de los Andes Centrales del NW de Argentina e identificar 180 Outlining the thermal pOsdepOsitiOnal evOlutiOn Of the OrdOvician successiOns Of nOrthwestern argentina... reacciones retrógradas. El estudio se centró en cinco localidades de Puna y Cordillera Oriental: sierra de Santa Victoria (zona de lo...

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Chemical, crystallographic and stable isotopic properties of alunite and jarosite from acid—Hypersaline Australian lakes

Cited by 97 publications

References 32 publications

Crystallization of Jarosite with Variable Al3+ Content: The Transition to Alunite

Crystallization of Jarosite with Variable Al3+ Content: The Transition to Alunite

Dissolution of jarosite [KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6] at pH 2 and 8: Insights from batch experiments and computational modelling

Outlining the thermal posdepositional evolution of the Ordovician successions of northwestern Argentina by clay mineral analysis, chlorite geothermometry and Kübler index.

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