Chemical control of cattle ticks—resistance problems

Abstract

Chemical control, by dipping or spraying infested cattle with ixodicidal compounds, is the only practicable method of dealing with the cattle tick problem in the short term.Widespread exposure to ixodicidal compounds, often at subeffective concentrations, has resulted in the selection of resistant strains from tick populations.A situation has now been reached where cattle ticks in widely separated parts of the world have shown a capacity to develop resistance to most of the currently available chemical classes of ixodicide. There is a very real probability that these resistant strains will eventually replace susceptible tick populations, particularly in those areas where the cattle tick problem is already most acute. Research and development of new chemical groups of compounds with high ixodicidal activity and low mammalian toxicity is a matter of some urgency.In this review, the biological background of the tick problem is outlined. A brief history of the development of tick resistance to arsenic, organochlorine, organophosphorus and carbamate compounds is given. Reference is made to the underlying biochemical mechanisms involved. Some of the human factors affecting the development of tick resistance are examined and future prospects are assessed.

Dose-response relationship of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin on Rhipicephalus microplus ticks

“…To date, the control of ticks has been largely dependent upon the use of acaricides (Rodriguez-Vivas et al 2018;Nwanade et al 2020). However, due to the emergence of tick populations resistant to the acaricides (Brito et al 2011), and concerns on food and environmental pollutions (Harrison and Wilmshurst 1973;George and Davey 2004;Shanmuganath et al 2021), new approaches are being sought for effective tick control.…”

Characterization of the antinociceptive and sedative effect of amitraz in horses

“…One of the first reports of the use of AMZ in domestic animals was the paper by Harrison et al . (1973) which showed that this drug is a good alternative for the control of ectoparasites in cattle, especially for the treatment of tick strains resistant to organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides.…”

FIELD TRIAL WITH AMITRAZ AGAfNST Al'\IMAL ECTOPARASITES OF ~ıAJOR IMPORTAl'\CE IN TURKEY

“…The traditional organochlorine and organophosphorus compounds are available in Turkeyand are uscd for the control of ectoparasites in those areas where severe infestation occurs. Continucd tiek control has rcsulted in the development of resistance to thesc chcmicals (5,10,13). A new acaricide wiıh a mode of aetion different from those of the organoehlorine and organophosphorus eompounds has bccn therefore needed in this eountry.…”

“…Continucd tiek control has rcsulted in the development of resistance to thesc chcmicals (5,10,13). A new acaricide wiıh a mode of aetion different from those of the organoehlorine and organophosphorus eompounds has bccn therefore needed in this eountry.…”