Chemical control in forest pest management

Holmes, Stephen B.; MacQuarrie, Chris J.K.

doi:10.4039/tce.2015.71

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…In addition to keeping defoliation to a minimum, the success of EIS will thus depend on verification of minimal ecological costs-direct and indirect. Efforts to minimize non-target effects have led to the development, regulation and strategic application of narrow-spectrum ingestible insecticides [84], which have been further supported by rigorous research on their toxicology and persistence. Both tebufenozide and Btk have minimal toxicological effects on a wide range of organisms [9,10], apart from larval Lepidopterans (moths and butterflies) that might ingest treated foliage.…”

Section: Ecologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Framework for the Spruce Budworm Early Intervention Strategy: Can Outbreaks be Stopped?

Johns

Bowden

Carleton³

et al. 2019

Forests

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The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, Clem., is the most significant defoliating pest of boreal balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and spruce (Picea sp.) in North America. Historically, spruce budworm outbreaks have been managed via a reactive, foliage protection approach focused on keeping trees alive rather than stopping the outbreak. However, recent theoretical and technical advances have renewed interest in proactive population control to reduce outbreak spread and magnitude, i.e., the Early Intervention Strategy (EIS). In essence, EIS is an area-wide management program premised on detecting and controlling rising spruce budworm populations (hotspots) along the leading edge of an outbreak. In this article, we lay out the conceptual framework for EIS, including all of the core components needed for such a program to be viable. We outline the competing hypotheses of spruce budworm population dynamics and discuss their implications for how we manage outbreaks. We also discuss the practical needs for such a program to be successful (e.g., hotspot monitoring, population control, and cost-benefit analyses), as well as the importance of proactive communications with stakeholders.

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Section: Ecologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Framework for the Spruce Budworm Early Intervention Strategy: Can Outbreaks be Stopped?

Johns

Bowden

Carleton³

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…The Belleville laboratory closed in 1972 as part of broader reductions across the federal government, and this severely constrained the resources available for forestry programmes. At the same time, aerial insecticide programmes expanded exponentially with focus on both chemical and biological applications (reviewed by Holmes andMacQuarrie 2016 andvan Frankenhuyzen et al 2015). Biological control projects that began after 1970 were of much smaller scope than earlier.…”

Section: The Declining Era: 1970-2000mentioning

confidence: 99%

A history of biological control in Canadian forests, 1882–2014

et al. 2016

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Abstract-Biological control has been an important tactic in the management of Canadian forests for over a century, but one that has had varied success. Here, we review the history of biological control programmes using vertebrate and invertebrate parasitoids and predators against insects in Canadian forests. Since roughly 1882, 41 insect species have been the target of biological control, with approximately equal numbers of both native and non-native species targeted. A total of 161 species of biological control agents have been released in Canadian forests, spanning most major orders of insects, as well as mites and mammals. Biological control has resulted in the successful suppression of nine pest species, and aided in the control of an additional six species. In this review, we outline the chronological history of major projects across Canadian forests, focussing on those that have had significant influence for the development of biological control. The historical data clearly illustrate a rise and fall in the use of biological control as a tactic for managing forest pests, from its dominance in the 1940s and 1950s to its current low level. The strategic implementation of these biological control programmes, their degree of success, and the challenges faced are discussed, along with the discipline's shifting relationship to basic science and the environmental viewpoints surrounding its use.

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“…These phases are the main subject of the next sections. However, Holmes and MacQuarrie (2016) reviewed the forest protection phase so it is only briefly described here.…”

Section: Changing Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forest protection was perceived to be important to maintain the supply of fibre for domestic and international markets, thereby maintaining the competitive status of the Canadian forest industry and the livelihoods of those working in the forest sector. Insecticide development and application, especially aerial application of chemical and biological (microbial) pesticides, was an important protection tool that was the centre of much research and development during this period (Holmes and MacQuarrie 2016). Forest protection required knowledge and technology for development and testing of new control products to improve spray application technology, including the influences of meteorology on spray operations, with the later being important to minimise pesticide drift and harm to non-target organisms.…”

Section: The Forest Protection Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Changing paradigms in the management of forest insect disturbances

Alfaro

Langor

2016

Can Entomol

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Abstract-From the early descriptive work, focussed on documenting the forest insect fauna and the impacts of destructive species, Canadian forest entomology has passed through several distinct phases, each triggered by new societal demands of forests and of forest entomologists. We review the various stages that Canadian forest entomology gone through in the last 100 years. Following the initial descriptive and cataloguing phase, forest entomology entered a pest control or forest protection phase, which eventually evolved into the integrated pest management (IPM) era. Although IPM dominated the forest entomology discourse for at least two decades, this approach is now considered to be narrow and pest-centric and is being superseded by a more holistic approach where the emphasis is on ensuring the health and sustainability of forests at landscape levels. The new trends point away from the "command and control" approach of attempting to eradicate pests or reducing pest damage, and towards working with natural processes in the context of ecosystem management. We indicate several areas where 21st century forest entomology could make a contribution towards the sustainable management of Canadian forests.

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Chemical control in forest pest management

Cited by 32 publications

References 92 publications

A Conceptual Framework for the Spruce Budworm Early Intervention Strategy: Can Outbreaks be Stopped?

A Conceptual Framework for the Spruce Budworm Early Intervention Strategy: Can Outbreaks be Stopped?

A history of biological control in Canadian forests, 1882–2014

Changing paradigms in the management of forest insect disturbances

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