Chemical constituents of volatile oil from Pyrolae herba and antiproliferative activity against SW1353 human chondrosarcoma cells

Abstract

Abstract. The objective of the present study was to identify chemical constituents of volatile oil from Pyrolae herba (PHVO) and evaluate the antiproliferative activity of PHVO against SW1353 human chondrosarcoma cells. The volatile oil from Pyrolae herba was prepared by hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A total of 12 components in PHVO were identified representing 81.62% of the total integrated chromatographic peaks. The major compounds were found to be n-hexadecanoic acid (29.29%), cedrol (17.08%), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (9.59%) and cis-9-octadecadienoic acid (8.23%). The antiproliferative activity of PHVO against SW1353 cells was investigated using MTT assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Our results demonstrated that PHVO inhibited SW1353 cell viability in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, PHVO treatment decreased the number of cells entering the S phase and caused a reduction in the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4 and CDK6, whereas it caused an increase in the expression of p21. PHVO demonstrated potent antitumor activity against SW1353 cells, suggesting its potential use as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of chondrosarcoma. IntroductionChondrosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, comprising almost 60% of all bone sarcomas (1,2). To date, the main treatments for patients with osteosarcoma are surgical resection and chemotherapy (3). However, despite advances in chemotherapy and surgery, the survival rate for osteosarcoma has reached a plateau and 40% of osteosarcoma patients eventually succumb to the disease; thus, there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic agents (4).Over the past few years, natural products have attracted extensive attention due to their relatively few side-effects and have been used in clinical practice for thousands of years as important alternative remedies for a variety of diseases (5-7). Moreover, natural products are an attractive source of new therapeutic candidate compounds, which make an enormous contribution to drug discovery today (8). An analysis of the number of chemotherapeutic agents and their sources indicates that over 60% of approved drugs are derived from natural compounds (9). Several plant-derived compounds are currently successfully employed in disease treatment. For instance, arteannuin, which was isolated from Artemisia annua, has been used for the treatment of malaria and the vinca alkaloid isolated from the periwinkle Catharanthus roseus has been used for the treatment of cancer (10,11). Volatile oils are a type of secondary plant metabolite, and have been shown to exhibit antioxidant and antibacterial activities (12,13).Pyrolae herba listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cancer, hypertension, coronary heart disease and various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and arthralgia. Pyrolae herba function...

Essential Oils and Their Constituents as Anticancer Agents: A Mechanistic View

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Hinokitiol Induces DNA Damage and Autophagy followed by Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence in Gefitinib-Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

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