Chemical constituents of Machaerium hirtum Vell. (Fabaceae) leaves and branches and its anti-inflammatory activity evaluation

Abstract

Leaves and branches of Machaerium hirtum Vell. (Fabaceae), native to South America, were subjected to phytopharmacological investigation in order to identify its major chemical constituents and evaluate its extracts, fractions and isolated compounds in assays for anti-inflammatory activities. These were performed using mouse ear edema model, pleurisy and myeloperoxidase activity assays. Six compounds were isolated and identified as the flavanones swertisin and isovitexin, the alkaloid 4-hydroxy-N-methylproline, the triterpenes friedelin and lupeol, and the steroids sitosterol and stigmasterol. These compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance of (1)H and (13)C data, in comparison with literature.

Phytotoxic Potential of the Crude Extract and Leaf Fractions of Machaerium hirtum on the Initial Growth of Euphorbia heterophylla And Ipomoea grandifolia

“…Many chemical constituents were identified in the genus Machaerium, with the presence of several classes of compounds such as steroids, alkaloids, benzoquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, among others (El-Sohly et al, 1999;Muhammad et al, 2001;Ignoato et al, 2012;Ribeiro et al, 2015). The plant material used in our study was chemically studied and reported by Ignoato et al (2012) and Ribeiro et al (2015).…”

“…In the preliminary research conducted by Ignoato et al (2012), five pure compounds produced by this legume were extracted and identified from the material used here. The steroids stigmasterol (24α-ethyl-cholest-5,22-dienol) and β-sitosterol (24α-ethyl-cholest-5-enol) were found in leaf FH.…”

“…These fractions were evaporated in a rotary evaporator at 45 o C and the following masses were obtained for each fraction: hexanic (FH, 2.4 g), chloroformic (FCl, 1.5 g), ethyl acetate (FAc, 1.8 g), and hydromethanolic (FHm, 9.2 g). The fractions were stored at 4 o C until use (Ignoato et al, 2012).…”

“…3 Phytochemical studies and previous biological assessments performed by Ignoato et al (2012) showed that chemical compounds produced by Machaerium hirtum have anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties (Ribeiro et al, 2015), but the presence of allelopathic and phytotoxic activity has not been studied to date. Thus, this study proposes to assess the phytotoxic potential of crude extract and leaf fractions of M. hirtum on the initial seedling growth of the invasive species wild poinsettia and morning glory, as well as the occurrence of morphoanatomical changes.…”

“…It is believed that the cell elongation of wild poinsettia roots was inhibited, confirming the statistical differences observed in the hypocotyl diameter of wild poinsettia seedlings (Table 3). Ignoato et al (2012) extracted and identified from FHm the non-protein amino acid alkaloid compound 4-hydroxy-N-methyl-proline. There are reports of some non-protein amino acids such as L-canavanine in Canavalia ensiformis, which has a chemical structure analogous to that of the arginine and may be mistakenly incorporated into a protein, which becomes nonfunctional (Rosenthal, 1986;Klack et al, 2012).…”