Chemical constituents and toxicity effects of leaves from several agarwood tree species (Aquilaria)

Adam, Aimi Zafirah; Tajuddin, Saıful Nizam; Sudmoon, Runglawan; Chaveerach, Arunrat; Abdullah, Ummi Hani; Mahat, Mohd Noor; Mohamed, Rozi

doi:10.26525/jtfs2018.30.3.342353

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Previous study indicated that AM leaves extract administration up to 520 mg kg −1 daily for 90 days in male mice does not cause any toxic signs and symptoms and is safe for consumption (61). The LD50 of the leaf extract was also found to be above 2000 mg kg −1 (62). Therefore more studies are needed to elucidate the protective mechanism of AM on sperm, to identify active compounds responsible for the effects and to assess the interaction of all phytochemicals present in AM and their effects on sperm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ameliorative Effects of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Aqueous Extract on Reproductive Toxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Male Rats

Razak

Ismail

Isa

et al. 2019

MJMS

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BackgroundCyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used anti-neoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that is associated with adverse side effects including reproductive toxicity. Aquilaria malaccensis (AM) is a traditional medicinal plant which was reported to exhibit high anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging properties. The present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of AM leaves extract on sperm quality following toxic exposure to CP.MethodsForty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into eight groups of six rats (n = 6): control, CP only (200 mg kg−1), AM only (100 mg kg−1, 300 mg kg−1 and 500 mg kg−1) and CP + AM (100 mg kg−1, 300 mg kg−1 and 500 mg kg−1). Animals were sacrificed after 63 days of treatment and the sperm from the caudal epididymis was taken for sperm analysis.ResultsThe body and the reproductive organs weight, sperm count and motility did not differ between CP and other groups (P > 0.05). A significant increase (P < 0.05) in percentage of the dead and abnormal sperm were seen in the CP alone treated group compared to the control group. Co-administration of AM to the CP exposed rats significantly reduced the (P < 0.05) percentage of abnormal sperm as compared to the CP only group.ConclusionOverall, the present results represent the potential of AM to protect against CP induced reproductive toxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ameliorative Effects of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Aqueous Extract on Reproductive Toxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Male Rats

Razak

Ismail

Isa

et al. 2019

MJMS

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“…GCMS analyses detected 48 compounds in A. sinensis, A. malaccensis and A. crassna leaves methanolic extract with n-Hexadecanoic acid, squalene and phytol found to be present in these three species (Adam et al, 2018). The study also presented that only the methanolic extract of A. malaccensis had the cytotoxic effect with IC 50 of 24.5 mg/ml and LD 50 of 4537 mg/kg; classified in Class III which is slightly hazardous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Understanding the effects of different parameters of Soxhlet extraction on bioactive compounds from Aquilaria malaccensis leaf through GCMS-based profiling

Zainurin¹,

Hashim²,

Azmin³

et al. 2020

Food Res.

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Bioactive compounds from plants have been shown to possess therapeutic values which are being used as medicine as well as ingredients for functional foods and nutraceuticals. While qualitative and quantitative studies on the bioactive compounds of plant extract are important to establish their claimed therapeutic properties; less is focused on effects and interrelationship of process (extraction) conditions used to obtain the desired bioactive compounds. As such, this study intended to determine the effects of different parameters on the extraction of Aquilaria malaccensis leaf extract (ALEX) bioactive compounds. Metabolite profiling of bioactive compounds of ALEX samples was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) with subsequent multivariate statistical analysis through principal component analysis (PCA) with the aid of MATLAB software. The GCMS analysis detected diverse potential bioactive compounds in ALEX samples with hydrocarbon, terpenes and esters being the primary groups. n-hexadecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester were found to be present in most of the ALEX samples. PCA showed that same Soxhlet extraction parameters were able to cluster the samples together and separate samples extracted with different extraction parameters based on the relative abundance of the particular compounds. In conclusion, it is notable that the samples were significantly separated based on Soxhlet extraction time as compared to the solid to solvent ratio and the suggested best Soxhlet extraction parameters were 18 hrs and 1:70 solid to solvent ratio. The findings from this study will facilitate the extraction and purification of the desired bioactive compounds from agarwood leaf that can be further used in development of functional foods and nutraceuticals.

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“…Another study evaluated the cytotoxicity of the oil fraction of the plant extract against HCT116 colon cancer cells and reported an IC 50 value 4 µg/mL [130]. The major phytoconstituents of the plant were benzaldehyde, pinene, octanol, germacrene, and hexadecanal [131].…”

Section: Thymelaeaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cytotoxic Plants of the Indian Subcontinent and a Broad-Spectrum Analysis of Their Bioactive Compounds

Mazumder

Biswas²,

Raja³

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Cancer or uncontrolled cell proliferation is a major health issue worldwide and is the second leading cause of deaths globally. The high mortality rate and toxicity associated with cancer chemotherapy or radiation therapy have encouraged the investigation of complementary and alternative treatment methods, such as plant-based drugs. Moreover, over 60% of the anti-cancer drugs are molecules derived from plants or their synthetic derivatives. Therefore, in the present review, an attempt has been made to summarize the cytotoxic plants available in the Indian subcontinent along with a description of their bio-active components. The review covers 99 plants of 57 families as well as over 110 isolated bioactive cytotoxic compounds, amongst which at least 20 are new compounds. Among the reported phytoconstituents, artemisinin, lupeol, curcumin, and quercetin are under clinical trials, while brazilin, catechin, ursolic acid, β-sitosterol, and myricetin are under pharmacokinetic development. However, for the remaining compounds, there is little or no information available. Therefore, further investigations are warranted on these subcontinent medicinal plants as an important source of novel cytotoxic agents.

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Chemical constituents and toxicity effects of leaves from several agarwood tree species (Aquilaria)

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Ameliorative Effects of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Aqueous Extract on Reproductive Toxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Male Rats

Ameliorative Effects of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Aqueous Extract on Reproductive Toxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Male Rats

Understanding the effects of different parameters of Soxhlet extraction on bioactive compounds from Aquilaria malaccensis leaf through GCMS-based profiling

A Review of Cytotoxic Plants of the Indian Subcontinent and a Broad-Spectrum Analysis of Their Bioactive Compounds

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