Chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of carob pods and leaves (Ceratonia siliqua L.) on the gastrointestinal tract: A review

Rtibi, Kaïs; Selmi, Slimen; Grami, Dhekra; Amri, Mohamed; Eto, Bruno; El-Benna, Jamel; Sebaï, Hichem; Marzouki, Lamjed

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.088

Cited by 105 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The use of several methodologies of extraction and different solvents (Korukluoglu, Sahan, Yigit, Tumay Ozer, & Gucer, 2010), the sample origin (Hayes, Allen, Brunton, O'Grady, & Kerry, 2011), and its genetic (Custódio et al, 2011b) contribute to the differences observed in phenolic profile by HPLC test from study to another (Roseiro et al, 2013;Rtibi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Glycation Reaction Induces Modifications Of Protein Second-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous lines of evidence suggest that the consumption of phenolic-rich foods presents beneficial effects on human health (Rtibi et al, 2015) reducing and/or preventing several chronic diseases, namely cancer, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases (Rtibi et al, 2017). Although Moroccan plants are widely used in traditional pharmacopeia (Eddouks, Maghrani, Lemhadri, Ouahidi, & Jouad, 2002;Jouad, Haloui, Rhiouani, Hilaly, & Eddouks, 2001), still many agents are poorly studied in the literature (El-Hilaly, Hmammouchi, & Lyoussi, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glucose‐mediated protein glycation: Contribution of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. in protection and in vitro potential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

et al. 2019

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Chronic hyperglycemia presents the major etiology of diabetes mellitus and related complications mainly Alzheimer's disease, via the protein glycation and toxic products generated. In the current study, we investigated the eventual protective effect of the methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. (CsME) against glucose‐mediated glycation in serum bovine albumin. The multi‐stage glycation markers, namely fructosamines and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels were monitored along with measurement of thiol groups; moreover, the in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition potential was carried out. HPLC was also assessed. Rutin was the main phenolic compound found in CsME. CsME showed a good capacity to inhibit AGEs, fructosamines and protected thiol groups against glycation. CsME exhibited a great AChE inhibition activity. In the present study, CsME prevented glucose‐induced protein glycation, it also exhibited a good inhibition of AChE, suggesting its DM complications such as memory troubles related to AD. Practical applications Neurodegenerative disorders ranging from memory troubles to Alzheimer's disease present the most diabetes mellitus complications and mainly attributed to protein glycation process. Currently, there is a strong trend to search for efficient natural sources of glycation and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to replace the synthetic ones, whose secondary effects were shown. The present article tries to justify scientifically the wide use of Ceratonia siliqua L. in Moroccan folk medicine, demonstrating that the methanolic extract of leaves from this species presents a promising source of new natural compounds inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and acting in vitro against glycation generated compounds. Furthermore, for the first time, Rutin was the main phenolic compound found in this extract, these encouraging results should be coupled with further studies to integrate it in pharmaceutical formulations. As such, this paper should be of interest to a broad readership, including those interested in Biochemistry, Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and neurosciences.

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Section: Glycation Reaction Induces Modifications Of Protein Second-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose‐mediated protein glycation: Contribution of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. in protection and in vitro potential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

et al. 2019

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“…Toplam kuru maddesi yaklaşık %91-92 oranında olan keçiboynuzu meyvesinde %62-67 oranında şeker, %4-6 protein, %0,2-0,4 ham yağ, %2-3 kül, %4,6-6,2 ham selüloz ve diğer maddeler bulunmaktadır (Karkacıer ve Artık, 1995). Keçiboynuzu meyvesi tüketiminin antioksidan, anti-ishal, antibakteriyel, antiülser ve anti-inflamatuar etkileri de dahil olmak üzere özellikle sindirim sistemi üzerine farmakolojik etkilerinin bulunduğu kanıtlanmıştır (Rtibi et al, 2015a;Rtibi et al, 2016a;Rtibi et al, 2016b;Kivçak ve ark., 2002;Rtibi et al, 2015b;Rtibi et al, 2016c;Rtibi et al, 2017). Besleyici değeri ve sağlık etkileri bu derece yüksek olan keçiboynuzundan kek, pasta, ekmek, makarna, çikolata, peynir, dondurma, meyve jölesi ve marmelat yapımında faydalanılmaktadır (Kirk ve Othmer, 1967;Yurdagel ve Teke, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Farklı Oranlarda Keçiboynuzu Unu İçeren Pestillerin Bazı Fiziksel, Kimyasal ve Duyusal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

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2018

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

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Pestil; Türkiye' de genellikle kış aylarında tüketilmek üzere, dut, üzüm, kayısı, erik gibi birçok meyveden elde edilebilen vitamin ve mineral içeriği yüksek bir gıdadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada pestilin üretiminde kullanılan buğday nişastasının farklı oranlarda keçiboynuzu unu ile ikame edilmesi sonucunda elde edilen geleneksel ürünün protein içeriği ve dolayısıyla fonksiyonelliğinin artırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bunun için dut ve hurma pestilleri, %25-%50-%75 oranlarında keçiboynuzu unu ile ikame edilerek üretilmiştir. Pestillerin kimyasal kompozisyonları (nem, kül, yağ, protein, toplam karbonhidrat), enerji değerleri, kalınlık değerleri, pH, titrasyon asitliği, HMF içerikleri, renk özellikleri (L*, a*, b*), mineral içerikleri (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Zn, P) ve duyusal analizleri gerçekleştirilerek ürünlerin besinsel özellikleri ortaya konulmuştur ve analiz sonuçları tek yönlü varyans analizinden yararlanılarak istatiksel açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda keçiboynuzu unu ile ikame edilen pestillerin makro besin ögelerinde belirgin bir artış meydana geldiği ve dolayısıyla ürünün besleyici değerinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca %25 oranında keçiboynuzu unu ikameli dut ve hurma pestillerinin duyusal açıdan renk, görünüş ve tat-koku özellikleri değerlendirildiğinde en çok beğenilen pestil örneği olduğu belirlenmiştir. The Determination of Some Physical, Chemical and Sensory Properties of Pestil Containing Carob Flour at Different Ratio A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Research ArticleReceived 26 July 2017 Accepted 17 July 2018Pestil; is a traditional food with high vitamin and mineral content, which can be obtained from many fruit species such as mulberry, grape, apricot and plum and generally consumed in winter months in Turkey In this study, it is aimed to increase the protein content and thus the functionality of the traditional product which will be obtained as a result of replacing wheat starch used in pestil production with carob flour at different ratios. For this, mulberry and date pestils are produced by substituting carob flour at 25% -50% -75% ratios. The chemical compositions of pestils (moisture, ash, oil, protein, total carbohydrates), energy values, the thickness value, pH, titration acidity, HMF content, colour characteristics (L*, a*, b*), mineral content (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Zn, P), sensory analyses were carried out and the nutritional characteristics of the products were determined and the results of the analyses were evaluated statistically using one way ANOVA. As a result of the study, it was determined that pestils substituted with carob flour showed a significant increase in macro nutrients and this leads to increase at nutritive value. It was also determined that, mulberry and palm pestils, with 25% of locust bean flour substitutes are the most popular pestil samples when their sensory color, appearance and taste-odor properties are evaluated.

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“…However, Ceratonia Siliqua pods (Carob) were reported to exert several pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory (Kivcak et al 2002;Rtibi et al 2015a; Rtibi et al 2017a;Rtibi et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Evaluation of the glycemic effect of Ceratonia siliqua pods (Carob) on a streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat model (v0.2)"

2018

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Background. Ceratonia siliqua pods (carob) has been nominated to control high blood glucose of diabetics. In Yemen, however, its antihyperglycemic activity has not been yet assessed. Thus, this study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract of carob pods against α-amylase and αglucosidase and the in vivo glycemic effect of such extract in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods. DPPH and FRAP were applied to evaluate the antioxidant activity of carob. In vitro cytotoxicity of carob was conducted on human hepatocytes (WRL68) and rat pancreatic β-cells (RIN-5F). Acute oral toxicity of was conducted on a total of 18 male and 18 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which were subdivided into three groups (n=6), namely; high and low dose carob-treated (CS5000 and CS2000, respectively) as well as normal control (NC) receiving a single oral dose of 5000 mg kg-1 carob, 2000 mg kg-1 carob and 5 ml kg-1 distilled water for 14 days, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea were assessed. Livers and kidneys were harvested for histopathology. In vitro inhibitory effect against α-amylase and αglucosidase was evaluated. In vivo glycemic activity was conducted in 24 male SD rats which were previously intraperitoneally injected with 55 mg kg-1 streptozotocin (STZ) followed by 210 mg kg-1 nicotinamide to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus. An extra non-injected group (n=6) was added as a normal control (NC). The injected-rats were divided into four groups (n=6), namely; diabetic control (D0), 5 mg kg-1 glibenclamide-treated diabetic (GD), 500 mg kg-1 carob-treated diabetic (CS500) and 1000 mg kg-1 carob-treated diabetic (CS1000). All groups received a single oral daily dose of their treatment for four weeks. Body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test, biochemistry, insulin and hemostatic model assessment were assessed. Pancreas was harvested for histopathology. Results. Carob demonstrated a FRAP value of 3191.67 ± 54.34 µmoL Fe ++ and IC 50 of DPPH of 11.23 ±0.47 µg mL-1. In vitro, carob was non-toxic on hepatocytes and pancreatic β-cells. In acute oral toxicity, liver and kidney functions and their histological sections showed no abnormalities. Carob exerted an in vitro inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC 50 of 92.99±0.22 and 97.13±4.11 µg mL-1 , respectively. In diabetic induced rats, FBG of CS1000 was significantly less than diabetic control. Histological pancreatic sections of CS1000 showed less destruction of β-cells than CS500 and diabetic control.

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Chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of carob pods and leaves (Ceratonia siliqua L.) on the gastrointestinal tract: A review

Cited by 105 publications

References 48 publications

Glucose‐mediated protein glycation: Contribution of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. in protection and in vitro potential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

Glucose‐mediated protein glycation: Contribution of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. in protection and in vitro potential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

Farklı Oranlarda Keçiboynuzu Unu İçeren Pestillerin Bazı Fiziksel, Kimyasal ve Duyusal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Peer Review #2 of "Evaluation of the glycemic effect of Ceratonia siliqua pods (Carob) on a streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat model (v0.2)"

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