Chemical Constituents and Biologic Activities of Sage Species: A Comparison between Salvia officinalis L., S. glutinosa L. and S. transsylvanica (Schur ex Griseb. & Schenk) Schur

Abstract

Even though Salvia genus is one of the most known and studied taxa of Lamiaceae family, the knowledge regarding the chemical composition and health-related benefits of some locally used Salvia species (mostly endemic) is still scarce. In this regard, the present work aims to evaluate the chemical profile and potential bioactivities of 70% (v/v) ethanolic extracts obtained from the less-studied S. transsylvanica and S. glutinosa in comparison with S. officinalis. HPLC-PDA analysis revealed the presence of rutin and catechin as the main compounds in the extracts of the three studied species (using the employed HPLC method), whereas the presence of naringenin was highlighted only in S. glutinosa extract. Chlorogenic acid, rutin and quercetin were identified and quantified for the first time in S. transsylvanica extracts. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of each extract was tested through complementary methods (phosphomolybdenum assay, DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC and FRAP assays), and correlated with the presence of phenolics (especially flavonoids) in high amounts. The neuroprotective and antidiabetic abilities of S. officinalis (the most active as AChE, BChE and α-glucosidase inhibitor), S. glutinosa (the most active as α-amylase inhibitor) and S. transsylvanica were also studied. For each extract it was determined the antimicrobial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects using in vitro assays. The obtained results confirm the potential of S. transsylvanica and S. glutinosa as promising sources of bioactive compounds and as a starting point for further analyses.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and α-Glucosidase-Inhibiting Activity of Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Extracts of Traditional Antidiabetics from Croatian Ethnomedicine

“…Caffeic acid relieves the complications arising from T2D, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy [5,38]. While the presence of some of the selected phenolic standards confirms previously reported findings (e.g., rutin in S. officinalis leaf [39] and S. nigra flower [40], ferulic acid in S. nigra flower [40], and A. absinthium aerial parts [41]), the other previously reported compounds were not recorded in this work (e.g., caffeic acid in A. absinthium aerial parts [41]). This may be related either to the interspecies variations or the specific condition of extract preparation.…”

Enhanced Recovery of Phenolic and Tocopherolic Compounds from Walnut (Juglans Regia L.) Male Flowers Based on Process Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted-Extraction: Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities

“…The antioxidant capacity of the WMF crude extracts was measured by means of a FRAP assay that evaluates the reduction of Fe 3+ -TPTZ to Fe 2+ -TPTZ, a blue-colored compound. A minor modified described method was applied [ 27 ]. Briefly, each sample (25 µL) was added to FRAP reagent (175 µL) and further incubated for 30 min in the dark.…”

Evaluación farmacológica de la actividad antinociceptiva y análisis fitoquímico de los extractos activos de Salvia purpurea Cav.

“…Otros flavonoides detectados fueron la apigenina, el canferol, la catequina, la naringenina, la quercetina y la rutina. Los terpenoides y la mayoría de los compuestos fenólicos cuantificados en S. purpurea, ya han sido reportados en otras especies del género (Wu et al 2012, Mocan et al 2020. Asimismo, de éstos ya se tiene conocimiento de sus propiedades antinociceptivas y antiinflamatorias.…”