Chemical Constituents and Antidiabetic Activity of Dichloromethane Extract from Ficus carica Leaves

Abstract

To evaluate the dichloromethane extract of Ficus carica leaves (FCL) had a hypoglycemic impact in diabetic mice, as well as to identify the bioactive components in the extract and analyze their anti-hyperglycemia potential in HepG2 cells. Material and Methods:The antidiabetic activity of dichloromethane extract of Ficus carica leaves was evaluated in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ,100 mg/kg) combined with high-fat diet. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids, oral glucose tolerance, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and pathological change effects of the extract were measured after administering two doses of the extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg). On the other hand, we used column chromatography to isolate the dichloromethane extract, and we structurally identified the compounds based on 1 H NMR and 3 C NMR spectra. The hypoglycemic activity of isolated compounds was investigated in palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells. Results: FCL extract lowers blood glucose and improves blood lipids and the pancreatic β-cell also tend to recover whether the psoralen is removed or not. Meanwhile, three coumarins except psoralen were isolated from dichloromethane extract: 3,4-dihydropsoralen, umbelliferone and 7-hydroxyl-6-methylcoumarin. Psoralen and umbelliferone promoted glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. Discussion and Conclusion:In vivo experiments, dichloromethane extract of FCL has potential antidiabetic activity, mainly by lowering blood glucose, improving blood lipids, glucose tolerance and repairing pancreatic islet damage, which justifies its use in the treatment of diabetes in Spanish folklore. Additionally, in vitro experiments, psoralen and umbelliferone demonstrated substantial glucose-lowering activity.

Alleviative Effect of Ficus formosana Extract on Peripheral Neuropathy in Ovariectomized Diabetic Mice

“…Notwithstanding our primary emphasis on polyphenols and flavonoids, the research delineated by Din et al [27] broadened the academic discourse by elucidating the antidiabetic attributes of a specific triterpene lactone, sourced from Ficus, thereby highlighting the expansive array of therapeutic compounds within this genus. Concurrently, Lin et al [28] provided insights into an alternative extraction modality for Ficus carica leaves to alleviate diabetic mice and raise psoralen and umbelliferone which have substantial glucose-lowering activity. Collectively, the Ficus genus stands out as an invaluable repository of prospective antidiabetic compounds, with each species possessing unique medicinal properties.…”