Chemical Constituents and Anticancer Activities of the Extracts from Phlomis × commixta Rech. f. (P. cretica × P. lanata)

Abstract

The present work is the first report on the ingredients of the P. × commixta hybrid, a plant of the genus Phlomis. So far, thirty substances have been isolated by various chromatographic techniques and identified by spectroscopic methods, such as UV/Vis, NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS. The compounds are classified as flavonoids: naringenin, eriodyctiol, eriodyctiol-7-O-β-D-glucoside, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, apigenin, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, diosmetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, quercetin, hesperetin and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside; phenylpropanoids: martynoside, verbascoside, forsythoside B, echinacoside and allysonoside; chromene: 5,7-dihydroxychromone; phenolic acids: caffeic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid methyl ester, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and vanillic acid; aliphatic hydrocarbon: docos-1-ene; steroids: brassicasterol and stigmasterol; a glucoside of allylic alcohol, 3-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-oct-1-ene-3-ol, was fully characterized as a natural product for the first time. Two tyrosol esters were also isolated: tyrosol lignocerate and tyrosol methyl ether palmitate, the latter one being isolated as a natural product for the first time. Moreover, the biological activities of the extracts from the different polarities of the roots, leaves and flowers were estimated for their cytotoxic potency. All root extracts tested showed a high cytotoxic activity against the Hep2c and RD cell lines.

Glandular Trichomes and Essential Oils Variability in Species of the Genus Phlomis L.: A Review

“…However, despite their relatively lower quantity of essential oils compared to some other Lamiaceae species, the essential oils derived from these genera are recognized for their valuable bioactive compounds. Phlomis species also present other secondary metabolites (besides the essential oil components) for which these species are utilized for medicinal purposes, including iridoid glucosides, flavonoids, phenylethanoid glycoside [25,56], phenylpropanoids and phenolic acids [57]. These compounds have been utilized in traditional medicine practices for centuries, indicating their historical significance and therapeutic potential [58,59].…”

Quercetin alleviates hyperoxia‐induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia by inhibiting ferroptosis through the MAPK/PTGS2 pathway: Insights from network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental evaluations

“…In recent years, natural bioactive products have garnered increasing attention due to their robust biological activity, safety profile, and the absence of systemic toxic effects (Belfiore et al, 2024;Stefanakis et al, 2024;Wang et al, 2024). Quercetin, a natural compound endowed with significant biological activity, exhibits potent antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anticancer, and antiviral properties (Qi et al, 2022;Xu et al, 2019).…”