Chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of the aerial parts of Curcuma longa

Shrestha

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

et al. 2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to an extensive neuron loss via accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) as senile plaques associated with reactive astrocytes and microglial activation in the brain. The objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic effect of WS-5 ethanol extract in vitro and in vivo against Aβ-induced AD in mice and to identify the extract’s active constituents. In the present study, WS-5 exerted a significant inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that WS-5 prevented Aβ oligomerization via inhibition of Aβ1-42 aggregation. Evaluation of antioxidant activities using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) demonstrated that WS-5 possessed a high antioxidant activity, which was confirmed by measuring the total antioxidant status (TAS). Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory properties of WS-5 were examined using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. WS-5 significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide–induced production of nitric oxide and two proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6. The memory impairment in mice with Aβ-induced AD was studied using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. Immunohistochemistry was performed to monitor pathological changes in the hippocampus and cortex region of the mouse brain. The animal study showed that WS-5 (250 mg/kg) treatment improved learning and suppressed memory impairment as well as reduced Aβ plaque accumulation in Aβ-induced AD. HPLC analysis identified the extract’s active compounds that exert anti-AChE activity. In summary, our findings suggest that WS-5 could be applied as a natural product therapy with a focus on neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative disorders.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WS-5 Extract of Curcuma longa, Chaenomeles sinensis, and Zingiber officinale Contains Anti-AChE Compounds and Improves β-Amyloid-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

Shrestha

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

et al. 2019

“…A recent study investigated the aerial parts of this species, where its extracts were applied on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. An n -butanol fraction significantly curbed the lipopolysaccharide-mediated induction of several mediators, such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E 2 , and pro-inflammatory cytokines, by reducing the levels of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in a dose-dependent manner [ 36 ]. A polysaccharide fraction (F1) of a C. longa aqueous-based extract (NR-INF-02) was also investigated in classical rodent models of inflammation.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Activity Of the Genus Curcumamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, most studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic compounds focus on plant extracts and isolated phenolic compounds. The studies on different extracts and their fractions of C. longa are rich in phenolic compounds, which displayed significant suppression of lipopolysaccharide-mediated induction of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E 2 , and pro-inflammatory cytokines by reducing the levels of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW264.7 macrophage cells [ 36 ]. Furthermore, C. mangga rhizome extracts and their fractions, namely, demethoxycurcumin, 15,16-bisnorlabda-8(17), 11-dien-13-one, (E)-15,15-diethoxylabda-8(17), 12-dien-16-al, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, displayed positive effect against inflammation.…”

Section: Inflammation and Natural Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genus Curcuma and Inflammation: Overview of the Pharmacological Perspectives

Rahaman

Rakib

Mitra

et al. 2020

Plants

The Curcuma genus has been extensively used for therapeutic purposes in traditional or folk medicine worldwide, including for its anti-inflammatory activity. Curcuma spp.’s active constituents, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, can act on various targets in the signaling pathway, restrain pro-inflammatory enzymes, lower the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and reduce oxidative stress, which subsequently suppresses inflammatory processes. Preclinical and clinical studies have reported the predominant anti-inflammatory activity of several Curcuma species. This review provides an overview of the anti-inflammatory effects of different extracts, preparations, and bioactive components in this genus. This analysis may provide a scientific basis for developing new and alternative methods for the isolation of a single entity from this genus to attenuate inflammatory conditions. The Curcuma genus is waiting for researchers interested in developing safe and efficient anti-inflammatory agents for further investigation.

“…Several species of the Zingiberaceae family are recognized for their therapeutic properties. In the work of Jantan et al (2008), the action of compounds isolated from species of this family with inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation was evidenced.For the curcuma its intestinal protective action against mucositis, antiinflammatory and antioxidant actions were reported, such activitiesbeing related to its chemical composition, coming from both fixed compounds and flavonoids, as well as volatile compounds such asβ-sesquiphellandrene and terpinolene (PRIYA et al, 2012;BASTOS et al, 2016;KIM et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composição química e atividades biológicasin vitro dos óleos essenciais dos rizomas de Zingiber officinale Roscoe e Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae)

Camilo

Carvalho

Nonato

et al. 2020

BJD

Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) essential oils were obtained by the hydrodistillation method. The oils offered yields of 0.120% and 0.044% respectively. GC-MS analyzes allowed the identification of 11 constituents in the Curcuma longa essential oil, with major components: ar-turmerone (36.8%), β-tumerone (32.3%) and curlone (19,2%) For the Zingiber officinale essential oil 19 constituents were identified, being: neral (22.9%), zingiberene (15.5%) and geranial (14.9%) the main components. The result of the toxicity test showed significant activity against Artemia salina for both oils. The dose values required to eliminate 50% (LC50) of the larvae were 100 µg / mL for Z. officinale and 25 µg / mL for C. longa. The antioxidant activity was performed against DPPH free radical. The most significant activity was exhibited by Z. officinale with an IC50 value of 215.8 µg / mL. The antibacterial assay with Z. officinale oil showed efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli, with MIC values of ≥ 213.3 μg / mL and 85.3 μg / mL respectively. For C. longa, MIC values ≥ 1024 μg / mL were observed for both bacteria tested. Modulation with aminoglycoside antibiotics showed synergism of C. longa oil combined with amikacin against S. aureus, with a decrease in MIC from 1024 μg / mL to 14.7 μg / mL. Meanwhile, the Zingiber officinale oil obtained a MIC reduction to 6.7 μg / mL, demonstrating greater efficacy. The results observed here demonstrate the biological potential of the species as cytotoxic and antimicrobial.