Chemical Constituent, Antimicrobial Activity, and Synergistic Effect of the Stem, Leaf, and Flower Essential Oil of the Artemisia fragrans Willd. from Khoy

Abstract

Artemisia fragrans is commonly used as a folk medicine as antispasmodic, anti‐pyretic, anti‐inflammatory, and abortifacient agents. The villagers use its pungent odor to repel rodents, mites, and pests, as well as its essential oil and smoke after burning to treat lung infections after uprooting the plant. Herein, we extracted the essential oils (EOs) of different parts of the plant and analyzed their chemical compositions and antibacterial activities. The chemical analysis led to the identification of 73, 59, and 57 compounds in the EOs of the stem, leaf, and flower, respectively. All of the EOs exhibited antibacterial activities against both G+ and G− bacteria. The EOs of the leaf and flower were more effective against tested bacteria, except B. anthracis and P. aeruginosa, compared to that of the stem. The binary combination of the EOs (stem and flower) or (stem and leaf) showed a synergistic effect. Statistical analysis indicated EOs of leaf and flower are more potent than that of the stem. These findings suggest the application of leaf and flower of the plant, which not only can prevent its uprooting but also ensure better therapeutic function.

Artemisia fragrans Willd. Essential Oil: Chemical Profile and Insecticidal Potential against the Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val

“…In the second chemotype, the chemical profile was significantly different, in which chrysanthenone (47.5%) had the highest amount, followed by 1,8-cineole (6.0%), β-thujone (5.2%), caryophyllene oxide (4.1%), and pinocarvone (3.2%). According to the study of Aminkhani et al [24], camphor (33.9%), 1,8-cineole (23.5%), terpinene-4-ol (3.1%), artemisyl acetate (3.0%), and camphene (2.9%) in the essential oil of leaves, and camphor (27.3%), 1,8-cineole (27.0%), terpinene-4-ol (4.0%), borneol (3.1%), and carvacrol (3.0%) in the essential oil isolated from flowers of A. fragrans were the main compounds. In another investigation, the chemical composition of the A. fragrans essential oil from three provinces of Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, and West Azerbaijan of Iran were investigated.…”

“…Although aliphatic compounds can be detected, the essential oil of A. fragrans contains various terpenic compounds from hydrocarbon monoterpenes and monoterpenoids to sesquiterpenes [22]. The terpenes 1,8cineole, α-thujone, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphor, and camphene are among the dominant compounds in A. fragrans essential oil [23][24][25]. Different biological effects of the essential oil of A. fragrans, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antimalarial, antileishmanial, and even herbicidal activities, were reported in previous studies [25][26][27][28].…”

Antibacterial, Trichomonacidal, and Cytotoxic Activities of Pleopeltis crassinervata Extracts

“…In addition, terpenes reported in extracts of medicinal plants with antibacterial activity, as 2-pentadecanone-6, 10, 14-trimethyl-, 7-dehydrodiosgenin, and pregn-16-en-20one, 3-hydroxy-, [3β,5β], were identified. These compounds may be of interest for further pharmacological research given their antibacterial properties (Figure 5) [28][29][30][31][32]. In addition, stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one, a terpene with reports of antiparasitic activity was detected [32].…”

In vitro Genotoxicity and In silico Docking Analyses of the Essential Oils of Thuja orientalis

“…It is known that essential oils obtained from different species have repellent, larvicidal, [2] antimicrobial, [3,4] antioxidant, [5] antifungal, [6] and insecticidal [7] activity. Antimicrobial and antifungal properties especially indicate that these components have cytotoxic activity in a dose dependent manner [8] .…”