Chemical concentration measurement in blood serum and urine samples using liquid-core optical fiber Raman spectroscopy

Qi, Dahu; Berger, Andrew J.

doi:10.1364/ao.46.001726

Cited by 91 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[11][12][13][14] Using dispersive or FourierTransform Raman techniques in the near-infrared spectrum, there is no need for additional chemical steps for analysis (separation, dilution, or mixture of other reagents) and may prove superior to current methods of testing urine, 11,12 nondestructively. Biochemical assays based on Raman spectroscopy could be used for testing body fluids such as blood, blood components, and metabolites in the serum for doping control, 15 detecting antibodies in cat's serum, 16 and even monitoring heparin levels in blood during surgeries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating the amount of urea, creatinine, and glucose in urine from patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension with the risk of developing renal lesions by means of Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension (HT) diseases are predisposed to kidney diseases. The objective of this study was to identify potential biomarkers in the urine of diabetic and hypertensive patients through Raman spectroscopy in order to predict the evolution to complications and kidney failure. Urine samples were collected from control subjects (CTR) and patients with diabetes and HT with no complications (lower risk, LR), high degree of complications (higher risk, HR), and doing blood dialysis (DI). Urine samples were stored frozen (−20°C) before spectral analysis. Raman spectra were obtained using a dispersive spectrometer (830-nm, 300-mW power, and 20-s accumulation). Spectra were then submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) followed by discriminant analysis. The first PCA loading vectors revealed spectral features of urea, creatinine, and glucose. It has been found that the amounts of urea and creatinine decreased as disease evoluted from CTR to LR/HR and DI (PC1, p < 0.05), and the amount of glucose increased in the urine of LR/HR compared to CTR (PC3, p < 0.05). The discriminating model showed better overall classification rate of 70%. These results could lead to diagnostic information of possible complications and a better disease prognosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating the amount of urea, creatinine, and glucose in urine from patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension with the risk of developing renal lesions by means of Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis

et al. 2013

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“…Berger et al (1997;1999) determined the feasibility of measuring blood glucose, cholesterol, urea, glucose and other parameters in physiological concentrations using Raman spectroscopy and multivariate regression. Qi and Berger (2007) measured concentrations of 13 parameters such as cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, albumin, and creatinine, among others, in clinical blood serum and urine samples using liquid-core optical fiber (LCOF) Raman spectroscopy. They found a highly significant correlation between predicted and reference concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting alterations of glucose and lipid components in human serum by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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Introduction: Raman spectroscopy may become a tool for the analysis of glucose and triglycerides in human serum in real time. This study aimed to detect spectral differences in lipid and glucose components of human serum, thus evaluating the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for diagnostic purposes. Methods: A total of 44 samples of blood serum were collected from volunteers and submitted for clinical blood biochemical analysis. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) were obtained using standard biochemical assays. Serum samples were placed in Eppendorf tubes (200 µL), kept cooled (5 °C) and analyzed with near-infrared Raman spectroscopy (830 nm, 250 mW, 50 s accumulation). The mean spectra of serum with normal or altered concentrations of each parameter were compared to determine which Raman bands were related to the differences between these two groups.Results: Differences in peak intensities of altered sera compared to normal ones depended on the parameter under analysis: for glucose, peaks were related to glucose; for lipid compounds the main changes occurred in the peaks related to cholesterol, lipids (mainly triolein) and proteins. Principal Components Analysis discriminated altered glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides from the normal serum based on the differences in the concentration of these compounds. Conclusion: Differences in the peak intensities of selected Raman bands could be seen in normal and altered blood serum samples, and may be employed as a means of diagnosis in clinical analysis.

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“…154,155 Qi and Berger later implemented a liquid-core optical fiber geometry (830 nm excitation) to enhance the Raman signal from serum and urine samples by one to two orders of magnitude. 156 Another study attempted to avoid the proteinremoval step by concentrating spots of the plasma as dried drops; they attempted to quantify fibrinogen and obtained results that were comparable to the traditional gold-standard fibrinogen assay. 157 The strong fluorescence interference and the inherently weak Raman signals from the lower-concentration components of plasma would always place limits on what could be achieved with conventional Raman spectroscopy, and in the 2000s research began a shift towards enhancement techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopy of Blood and Blood Components

et al. 2017

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Blood is a bodily fluid that is vital for a number of life functions in animals. To a first approximation, blood is a mildly alkaline aqueous fluid (plasma) in which a large number of free-floating red cells (erythrocytes), white cells (leucocytes), and platelets are suspended. The primary function of blood is to transport oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body and move carbon dioxide in the return direction after it is produced by the cells' metabolism. Blood also carries nutrients to the cells and brings waste products to the liver and kidneys. Measured levels of oxygen, nutrients, waste, and electrolytes in blood are often used for clinical assessment of human health. Raman spectroscopy is a nondestructive analytical technique that uses the inelastic scattering of light to provide information on chemical composition, and hence has a potential role in this clinical assessment process. Raman spectroscopic probing of blood components and of whole blood has been on-going for more than four decades and has proven useful in applications ranging from the understanding of hemoglobin oxygenation, to the discrimination of cancerous cells from healthy lymphocytes, and the forensic investigation of crime scenes. In this paper, we review the literature in the field, collate the published Raman spectroscopy studies of erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets, plasma, and whole blood, and attempt to draw general conclusions on the state of the field.

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Chemical concentration measurement in blood serum and urine samples using liquid-core optical fiber Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 91 publications

References 33 publications

Correlating the amount of urea, creatinine, and glucose in urine from patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension with the risk of developing renal lesions by means of Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis

Correlating the amount of urea, creatinine, and glucose in urine from patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension with the risk of developing renal lesions by means of Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis

Detecting alterations of glucose and lipid components in human serum by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy

Raman Spectroscopy of Blood and Blood Components

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