Chemical Compounds for Energy Storage

Schüth, Ferdi

doi:10.1002/cite.201100147

Cited by 84 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Currently, methane is primarily extracted from fossil sources, but it is also produced by fermentation of biomass residues. For future regenerative energy systems, methane might further play an important role since it is considered to be a promising energy storage molecule [1]. In this context, one pathway to store fluctuating regenerative electrical energy consists of the electrolysis of water producing H 2 , which is subsequently used to hydrogenate carbon oxides to methane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Unsteady‐State Operation of Methanation by Modeling and Simulation

Güttel

2013

Chem Eng & Technol

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Methanation of CO under unsteady-state operation conditions was studied systematically based on a simplified mathematical model for an integral reactor using steady-state kinetics available in the literature. The inlet composition of CO and H 2 was changed stepwise and the step response of the system was monitored in order to study the dynamic behavior of the reactor. Furthermore, periodic changes were applied with different cycling times. It was observed that the time average reaction rate could not be improved by cycling the feed composition. Moreover, the reactor appears to be self-stabilizing, since the amplitude at the outlet is reduced, leading to a steady state for high cycling frequencies. The results allow conclusions on principles to design a methanation reactor for unsteadystate operation. However, it also becomes obvious that unsteady-state kinetics is mandatory in order to describe the experimental results obtained under dynamic conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Unsteady‐State Operation of Methanation by Modeling and Simulation

Güttel

2013

Chem Eng & Technol

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“…There are many sources from which to seek the conventional wisdom of electricity storage: from simple elementary texts [129], to undergraduate level monographs on energy [57], [58], to advanced review articles on energy storage, loosely categorized as general [62], [68]- [70], [130], [131], chemical [86]- [88], or electrochemical [71], [132]. For Readers who desire a quick overview, there is no ''royal road''!…”

Section: Appendix Dangers Of Engineering Into the Unknown A Conventimentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive Electricity Storage for a Developed Economy of Ten Billion People

Pickard

2015

IEEE Access

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Presently, America's average electrical power consumption is ∼1.3 kW/p; in the world as a whole, it is ∼0.33 kW/p. If, for 2050, a world goal of 1 kW/p is adopted, this implies an average electric power draw of 1 GW for each population cohort of 1 000 000 residents; and the Earth will have ∼10 000 such cohorts. Multi-hour outages are already common; demand peaks daily; and renewable generation is intermittent. Hence, as a hedge against rare supply failures, each cohort would profit from local backup storage of electricity/energy in the order of 1-2 GWd. For comparison, the biggest electrochemical storage scheme yet seriously proposed will contain ∼240 MWh, while most of the largest pumped hydro storage reservoirs are <50 GWh. In approximately 50 years, when fossil fuels have become scarce, we should already have constructed this bulk storage. This review argues that the principal contenders for the storage of electricity in bulk are: 1) electrochemical storage in flow batteries; 2) chemical storage in agents, such as ammonia, hydrogen, methanol, or light hydrocarbons; 3) compressed air energy storage; and 4) underground pumped hydro. Finally, it will argue that not one of these four contenders has yet been built, tested, and perfected, while virtually none of the needed storage capacity exists today. INDEX TERMSEnergy storage, exhaustion of fossil fuels, intermittency challenge, massive electricity storage, underground pumped hydro.

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“…It can on the one hand drive electric engines by fuel cells [3e5] and on the other hand it can be employed as a reactant for the production of more complex molecules such as methane [6,7] or ammonia [8e10]. So far, large scale water electrolysis was commercially not interesting because of too high production costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%