Chemical Compositions and Biological Properties of Essential Oils From Zanthoxylum Rhetsa (Roxb.) Dc and Zanthoxylum Limonella Alston

Abstract

Background: Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC and Zanthoxylum limonella Alston are spices for flavouring in indigenous Thai food. They are traditionally used as an aromatic, astringent, antimicrobial, antiseptic and antidiabetic agent. The purpose of this study is to examine their chemical compositions and evaluate antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties of the essential oils.
 Materials and Methods: The essential oils of Z. rhetsa and Z. limonella were analysed for phytochemical constituents by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was determined against several bacteria using the microdilution method. Antioxidant capacity was determined by free radical scavenger 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. The anticancer activity was determined with two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and the normal African green monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cell line and using MTT assay.
 Results: Sabinene (22.51%) and terpinene-4-ol (32.33%) were found to be major components of Z. rhetsa essential oil while limonene (57.94%) and alpha-phelladrene (15.54%) were the major components of Z. limonella essential oil. Essential oil from Z. limonella exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Z. rhetsa and Z. limonella essential oils exhibited moderate antioxidant activity. The essential oil from Z. rhetsa possessed the ability to inhibit breast cancer cell (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) proliferation and cell viability.
 Conclusion: This study suggest that the essential oils from Z. limonella and Z. rhetsa could be applied as safe antibacterial and antioxidant agents for food and have the potential for further development of new anticancer agents.

Ovicidal and Repellent Activities of Several Plant Essential Oils Against Periplaneta americana L. and Enhanced Activities from their Combined Formulation

“…The observed GC-MS chemical pro les of every EO were well-matched with those reported in a previous study. Namely, the percentage of geranial, the major chemical constituent of C. citratus EO observed in this study, was 46.33%, while papers by Aungtikun et al 28 , Soonwera and Sittichok 24 , and Chauhan et al 34 reported the percentage geranial at 42.40-49.69% of the EO chemical pro le; in addition, the observed major constituent of C. verum EO was cinnamaldehyde at 75.23%, well-matched with 73.21% of the chemical pro le reported by Aungtikun and Soonwera 27 and with 74.49% reported by Li et al 31 , and lower than 90.17% reported by Chansang et al 35 ; the observed major constituent of E. globulus EO was 1,8-cineole, at 45.82%, well-matched with 42.60-44.54% of the chemical pro le reported by Soonwera and Sittichok 24 and Cotchakaew and Soonwera 36 ; the observed major constituent of I. verum EO was trans-anethole, at 92.24%, well-matched with 88.32-94.0% of the chemical pro le reported by Aungtikun et al 28 and Junior et al 37 ; and the observed major constituent of Z. limonella EO was limonene, at 28.13%, slightly higher than 18.62% reported by Imphat and Woottisin 38 , and lower than 43.63% reported by Charoensup et al 26 , and 57.94% reported by Wongkattiya et al 39 . Nevertheless, there were some slight discrepancies, such as the yield and percentage in the chemical pro le of the major constituents of I. verum and Z. limonella EOs.…”

Combinations of plant essential oils and their major compositions inducing mortality and morphological abnormality of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

“…To be able to compare the experimental outcomes of this study meaningfully with those of other studies on EO and insect pests, the composition of the extracted EOs in this study must be the same or nearly the same as the composition of the reported EOs in the literature. Therefore, the chemical compositions of all extracted essential oils were determined by GC-MS to ascertain that they were the same as those reported previously ( Aungtikun et al., 2021 ; Wongkattiya et al., 2018 ). It was observed that the major constituent of I .…”

“…(2020) reported a lower percentage of trans-anethole (88.6%) in the total composition. This discrepancy could be due to many factors, e.g., different geographical areas of the farms where these plants had been grown ( Wongkattiya et al., 2018 ), different soil and fertilizer conditions, and different harvest times (i.e., harvesting the plants at which growth stage and season) ( Wongkattiya et al., 2018 ; Aungtikun and Soonwera, 2021 ). For Z .…”

The Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Zanthoxylum rhetsa Grown in Son La, Northwest Vietnam

“…Pham et al suggested that terpinen-4-ol that is the main active constituent in Z. rhetsa pericarp EOs had the ability to inhibit stomach and intestine diseases [11]. Some other studies have also shown that essential oils obtained from plants exhibited potential antibacterial and antifungal activities [20][21][22].…”