Chemical Composition, Seasonal Variability, and Antifungal Activity of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas Essential Oils from Stem/Leaves and Flowers

Abstract

Essential oils from the stems/leaves (L) and flowers (F) of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas growing wild in southern Sardinia (Italy) were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector and ion trap mass spectrometry. The major compound was fenchone, accounting for, on average, 52.60% in L and 66.20% in F, followed by camphor (13.13% versus 27.08%, in L and F, respectively). F essential oil yields (volume per dry weight) decreased from the beginning to the end of the flowering stage, whereas L yields remained constant during the year. The nine main compounds derived from two different subpathways, A and B. The compounds that belong to the same subpathway showed a similar behavior during the year. The essential oils were tested for their antifungal activity using the paper disk diffusion method. The essential oils tested were effective on the inactivation of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum and less effective against Aspergillus flavus. Among the single compounds tested, fenchone, limonene, and myrtenal appeared to be the more effective on the inhibition of R. solani growth.

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils of Lavandula viridis L'Hér.

“…Dadalioglu & Evrendilek, 2004;Moon et al, 2006), antifungal (e.g. Angioni et al, 2006;Zuzarte et al, 2009) and antioxidant (Matos et al, 2009) activities. More recently, application as a biopesticide has also been suggested by González-Coloma et al (2006).…”

The Fascinating History of Bergamot (Citrus Bergamia Risso & Poiteau), the Exclusive Essence of Calabria: A Review

“…Most molecules are present in traces while two to three, are often the most representative components, accounting for 20-70% of the whole oil and responsible for determining its biological activities [21]. There is a high variation in the chemical profile of essential oils depending on the extraction methods, organ used, age and vegetative stage of the plant, the time of the harvest and the soil composition [22,23]. Bergamot oil, is one of the most important perfume materials; its pleasant refreshing scent, blends into almost, any perfume composition so that, today, there is not a perfume which does not contains BEO (Bergamot Essential Oil).…”

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“…Synergistic therapy of available antifungal drugs with essential oil has also been assessed 45,46 . However, regarding dermatophytes, a small number of studies are known.…”