Chemical Composition, Physical Properties, and the Oxidative Stability of Oil Bodies Extracted From Argania spinosa

Abstract

Oil bodies (OB) were extracted from argan kernels using an aqueous extraction method. The composition of OB revealed its lipid profile, which had a high content of stearic and palmitic acid. Besides, evidence suggested an association between OB and tocopherols. The physical properties of argan OB (AOB) showed that their size was around 1.9 μm and the ζ-potential went from +17.7 mV at pH 2.0 to −32.25 mV at pH 8, with an isoelectric point around pH 5.1. OB were stable and small at pH 2.0, 7.0, and 8.0 but large near the pI. Additionally, AOB were stable against aggregation/coalescence even in high salt concentrations, and also against thermal processing (95 C) with only a change in their interfacial properties. AOB emulsion showed interesting oxidative stability at different storage temperatures and heat treatment. Heat treatment and storage at low temperature preserved oleosins from degradation by the endogenous enzyme, and H-oleosin 15 kDa resisted hydrolyzation even at a high storage temperature for 2 weeks. Keywords Argan oil bodies Á Aqueous extraction method Á γ-Tocopherols Á Physical stability Á Preemulsified AOB Á Oxidative stability Á H-oleosin J Am Oil Chem Soc (2018) 95: 485-495. J Am Oil Chem Soc (2018) 95: 485-495 486 J Am Oil Chem Soc J Am Oil Chem Soc (2018) 95: 485-495

Argan Oil: Chemical Composition, Extraction Process, and Quality Control

“…It is widely evidenced that argan oil is an important food. It is prepared from roasted argan kernels, whose pressing can be performed using traditional and modern techniques (14)(15)(16). In both cases, the obtained argan oil has a golden color and a unique hazelnut taste (17).…”

“…There are two kinds of argan oils in the market, namely, food argan oil and beauty (cosmetic) use (name INCI: Argania spinosa kernel oil) (21). This is a cold pressed oil, however, it is obtained from unroasted argan kernels (15,22). Cosmetic argan oil is intended to be applied directly to the skin or hair, or to be an ingredient in other cosmetic preparations (21,23,24).…”

“…The tocopherol composition is closely related to stability, cosmetic, and nutritional proprieties (39,52) and can be used for detecting adulterations in argan oil (53). Argan oil is very rich in tocopherols (15,51). The total tocopherol content is between 60 and 90 mg/100 g. γ-tocopherol is the main tocopherol found in argan oil (between 81 and 92 g/100 g), followed by δ-tocopherol (6.2-12.8 g/100 g), α-tocopherol (2.4-6.5 g/100 g), and βtocopherol (0.1-0.3 g/100 g) (28,46).…”

Effect of Physiochemical Factors and Peanut Varieties on the Charge Stability of Oil Bodies Extracted by Aqueous Method

“…But temperature may affect the stability of the OB from another aspect. Previous studies have found that endogenous enzymes such as proteases and phospholipases are present in oil bodies, and the degradation of enzymes during storage of oil bodies also affects the stability of oil bodies 45,46 . Moreover, temperature fluctuations are unavoidable in the actual application of the OB, which will lead to changes in enzyme activity and thus affect the stability of the OB.…”

Chemical characterization of oils produced by some native and introduced genotypes of argan tree in eastern Morocco using HPLC-DAD/GC-MS, and the evaluation of their physicochemical parameters

“…These different virtues and benefits of argan oil could be attributed to its richness in tocopherols, unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid), and phenolic compounds (Marfil et al, 2011). The chemical composition of the argan oil is essentially formed by two fractions, a saponified fraction which represents 99% and is characterized by the presence of a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid (45-50%) and linoleic acid (30-35%) (El Kharrassi et al, 2018;Zaaboul et al, 2018). While, the unsaponified fraction represents 1% and is formed by chemical components such as polyphenols, sterols, and tocopherols (Charrouf and Guillaume, 2008).…”