Chemical composition of tourmaline in orogenic gold deposits

Sciuba, Marjorie; Beaudoin, Georges; Makvandi, Sheida

doi:10.1007/s00126-020-00981-x

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Other plausible mechanisms that might have controlled REE fractionation during the crystallization of hydrothermal cassiterite in Bolivian deposits include i) mixing between magmatic and meteoric waters (as proposed for the San Rafael deposit; Clark 2002, Harlaux et al 2020) leading to destabilization of REE chloride and fluoride complexes, which are more stable with increasing atomic number (Migdisov et al 2016); and ii) partitioning of REE between co-crystallizing phases (e.g., monazite and tourmaline; Jolliff et al 1987;Harlaux et al 2020;Sciuba et al 2020). Nevertheless, these alternative or complimentary mechanisms leading to REE fractionation would not reproduce the broken, highly irregular chondrite-normalized REE patterns described here for cassiterite samples from the Bolivian tin belt and therefore we surmise that their impact, if any, was subordinate to that of fluid immiscibility.…”

Section: Controls On Minor-and Trace-element Variations In Cassiteritementioning

confidence: 99%

Trace element composition and U-Pb ages of cassiterite from the Bolivian tin belt

et al. 2021

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The Bolivian tin belt is a metallogenic province in the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes known for its Sn, W, Ag and base metal deposits. Cassiterite, which is a major constituent in many magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits from the Bolivian tin belt, can incorporate dozens of elements within its crystal lattice, making it a useful geological tracer mineral, and also a potential host of critical elements. New U-Pb dating of cassiterite yields Late Triassic (Kellhuani deposit) and Late Oligocene to earliest Miocene (Viloco, Huanuni and Llallagua deposits) ages. These ages confirm that Sn mineralization in the Bolivian tin belt occurred at least in two separate events during two major magmatic episodes apparently triggered by mantle upwelling, decompression melting and basalt Man crip Wi ho Track ChangeClick here to access/download;Manuscript Without Track Changes;0_Gemmrrich et al_BTB_V3.doc 2 production promoting high heat flow into the overlying crust. The composition of studied hydrothermal cassiterite yields some geochemical trends that are attributed to its distance to the causative intrusion and/or level of emplacement. For example, cassiterite is generally enriched in Nb and Ta and yields higher Ti/Zr and Ti/Sc ratios in samples from xenothermal ore deposits located adjacent to intrusive complexes relative to shallow xenothermal and epithermal ore deposits. Therefore, these geochemical trends in cassiterite are useful tracers pointing to magmatic-hydrothermal centers. REE distribution in cassiterite was likely influenced by boiling processes, which resulted in tetrad-type irregularities. Cassiterite from the Bolivian tin belt is unattractive as a source for Nb (interquartile range [IQR] 4.84-0.037 ppm), Ta (IQR 0.0924-0.0126 ppm) and Ge (IQR 3.92-0.776 ppm). Some deposits, however, contain cassiterite relatively enriched in In (IQR 96.9-9.78 ppm, up to 1414 ppm) and Ga (IQR 92.1-3.03, up to 7437 ppm), that could constitute an attractive supplementary source for these elements in addition to sulfide minerals in the same deposits.

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Section: Controls On Minor-and Trace-element Variations In Cassiteritementioning

confidence: 99%

Trace element composition and U-Pb ages of cassiterite from the Bolivian tin belt

et al. 2021

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“…Censored data were imputed using robCompositions from the R package, and elements with more than 40% data below the DL were excluded. Data were transformed using the log-centered log-ratio prior to PLS-DA (Makvandi et al, 2016a, b;Sciuba et al, 2020Sciuba et al, , 2021.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Texture and Trace Element Composition of Rutile in Orogenic Gold Deposits

Sciuba

Beaudoin

2021

Economic Geology

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Rutile from a wide range of orogenic gold deposits and districts, including representative world-class deposits, was investigated for its texture and trace element composition using scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Deposits are hosted in various country rocks including felsic to ultramafic igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks, which were metamorphosed from lower greenschist to middle amphibolite facies and with ages of mineralization that range from Archean to Phanerozoic. Rutile presents a wide range of size, texture, and chemical zoning. Rutile is the dominant TiO2 polymorph in orogenic gold mineralization. Elemental plots and partial least square-discriminant analysis suggest that the composition of the country rocks exerts a strong control on concentrations of V, Nb, Ta, and Cr in rutile, whereas the metamorphic facies of the country rocks controls concentrations of V, Zr, Sc, U, rare earth elements, Y, Ca, Th, and Ba in rutile. The trace element composition of rutile in orogenic gold deposits can be distinguished from rutile in other deposit types and geologic settings. Elemental ratios Nb/V, Nb/Sb, and Sn/V differentiate the rutile trace element composition of orogenic gold deposits compared with those from other geologic settings and environments. A binary plot of Nb/V vs. W enables distinction of rutile in metamorphic-hydrothermal and hydrothermal deposits from rutile in magmatic-hydrothermal deposits and magmatic environments. The binary plot Nb/Sb vs. Sn/V distinguishes rutile in orogenic gold deposits from other geologic settings and environments. Results are used to establish geochemical criteria to constrain the source of rutile for indicator mineral surveys and potentially guide mineral exploration.

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“…Consequently, it is widely used in aerospace, medical devices, thermal barrier coatings, piezoelectric components, catalysts, and ceramic capacitors, etc 10–12 . In particular, with the advent of the age of 5G communication, ZrO 2 with high toughness, high wear resistance, and low electromagnetic shielding has become the preferred material for electronic communication devices such as mobile phones 13,14 . High‐performance ZrO 2 ceramics require high‐quality ZrO 2 powder, so the preparation of ultra‐fine, well‐dispersed, and crystal‐stable nano‐ZrO 2 powder is a hot spot in current ceramic research 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of spontaneous polarization of tourmaline on the grain growth behavior of 3YSZ powder

et al. 2022

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This paper introduces a new method for adjusting the particle size of ZrO 2 powder through the electric field effect of tourmaline. The 3 mol% yttriastabilized ZrO 2 (3YSZ) powder was prepared by using ZrOCl 2 •8H 2 O, YCl 3 •6H 2 O, NaOH, and nano-tourmaline powder as raw materials through direct precipitation. The powder was characterized with thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction, Brunauere-Emmette-Teller, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope, and the mechanism of tourmaline in the process of powder preparation was also discussed. Findings demonstrate that the electric field generated by spontaneous polarization of tourmaline can control the size of ZrO 2 crystal grains, improve the dispersibility of the powder, and promote the stability of ZrO 2 in the tetragonal phase. When the electric intensity of tourmaline is 9.02 × 10 6 V/m, and the addition amount is 2.5 vol%, tourmaline/3YSZ powders are mainly tetragonal phase, and the grain size is the smallest, with an average crystallite size of 19 nm. Then the mechanical properties of tourmaline/3YSZ ceramics were tested. Compared with 3YSZ ceramics without tourmaline, the flexural strength and fracture toughness were improved by 39.5% and 35.8%.

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Chemical composition of tourmaline in orogenic gold deposits

Cited by 41 publications

References 120 publications

Trace element composition and U-Pb ages of cassiterite from the Bolivian tin belt

Trace element composition and U-Pb ages of cassiterite from the Bolivian tin belt

Texture and Trace Element Composition of Rutile in Orogenic Gold Deposits

Effect of spontaneous polarization of tourmaline on the grain growth behavior of 3YSZ powder

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