Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils from Different Morphological Parts of Pinus cembra L.

Abstract

The essential oils from needles, twigs, bark, wood, and cones of Pinus cembra were analyzed by GC-FID, GC/MS, and H-NMR spectroscopy. More than 130 compounds were identified. The oils differed in the quantitative composition. The principal components of the oil from twigs with needles were α-pinene (36.3%), limonene (22.7%) and β-phellandrene (12.0%). The needle oil was dominated by α-pinene (48.4%), whereas in the oil from bark and in the oil from twigs without needles there were limonene (36.2% and 33.6%, resp.) and β-phellandrene (18.8% and 17.1%, resp.). The main constituents of the wood oil as well as cone oil were α-pinene (35.2% and 39.0%, resp.) and β-pinene (10.4% and 18.9%, resp.). The wood oil and the cone oil contained large amounts of oxygenated diterpenes in comparison with needle, twig, and bark oils.

Comparison of Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils from Different Botanical Organs of Pinus mugo Growing in Poland

“…3‐Carene occurred in the dextrorotary form, whereas α ‐pinene in both, dextro‐ and levorotary forms ( Table ). Similar proportions of these monoterpene hydrocarbons were previously found in the monoterpene fractions of the oils of Pinus cembra , P. nigra , P. pinaster , and P. sylvestris . Oxygenated monoterpenes in the essential oil from twigs with needles of P. mugo were represented by bornyl acetate (4.5 %) and α ‐terpinyl acetate (2.4 %), sesquiterpenes by germacrene D (1.7 %).…”

“…The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods (GC/FID, GC/MS, 1 H‐NMR). The apparatus and conditions for all analyzes have been previously described …”

“…Fraction 1 contained monoterpene hydrocarbons: 3‐carene (28 %), myrcene (22 %), α ‐pinene (10 %), β ‐phellandrene (8 %), limonene (5 %), β ‐pinene (4 %), terpinolene (4 %) and camphene (1 %). This fraction was also analyzed by GC/MS using previously described chiral capillary column, to identify enantiomers of the optically active components …”

Essential Oil Compositions and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Five Lavandula stoechas Cultivars Grown in Thailand

“…The volatile components of L. stoechas presented in this study were both similar and different from previously reported studies . For instance, our results are in agreement with those of Matos et al., which reported that fenchone was a key component in the essential oil of L. stoechas .…”

Terpenes and n-Alkanes in Needles of Pinus cembra

“…There are many references about essential oil composition of pines [4][5][6][7][8], even on population level [9][10][11], etc. However, there are only few reports of Swiss stone pine dealing with composition of terpenes [12,13], their enantiomers [14] and/or their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities [2].The most detailed is the report of Lis et al [15] who examined essential oils from different parts of P. cembra.…”