Chemical composition of surface-functionalized gold nanoparticles

Rostek, Alexander; Mahl, Dirk; Epple, Matthias

doi:10.1007/s11051-011-0456-2

Cited by 50 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Polymer coatings are frequently stable under such conditions but other ligands can well be replaced in equilibrium-type reactions even under chemically less complex conditions [54,71]. …”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

Ahlberg¹,

Antonopulos²,

Diendorf³

et al. 2014

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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122

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SummaryPVP-capped silver nanoparticles with a diameter of the metallic core of 70 nm, a hydrodynamic diameter of 120 nm and a zeta potential of −20 mV were prepared and investigated with regard to their biological activity. This review summarizes the physicochemical properties (dissolution, protein adsorption, dispersability) of these nanoparticles and the cellular consequences of the exposure of a broad range of biological test systems to this defined type of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles dissolve in water in the presence of oxygen. In addition, in biological media (i.e., in the presence of proteins) the surface of silver nanoparticles is rapidly coated by a protein corona that influences their physicochemical and biological properties including cellular uptake. Silver nanoparticles are taken up by cell-type specific endocytosis pathways as demonstrated for hMSC, primary T-cells, primary monocytes, and astrocytes. A visualization of particles inside cells is possible by X-ray microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and combined FIB/SEM analysis. By staining organelles, their localization inside the cell can be additionally determined. While primary brain astrocytes are shown to be fairly tolerant toward silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles induce the formation of DNA double-strand-breaks (DSB) and lead to chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster fibroblast cell lines (CHO9, K1, V79B). An exposure of rats to silver nanoparticles in vivo induced a moderate pulmonary toxicity, however, only at rather high concentrations. The same was found in precision-cut lung slices of rats in which silver nanoparticles remained mainly at the tissue surface. In a human 3D triple-cell culture model consisting of three cell types (alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells), adverse effects were also only found at high silver concentrations. The silver ions that are released from silver nanoparticles may be harmful to skin with disrupted barrier (e.g., wounds) and induce oxidative stress in skin cells (HaCaT). In conclusion, the data obtained on the effects of this well-defined type of silver nanoparticles on various biological systems clearly demonstrate that cell-type specific properties as well as experimental conditions determine the biocompatibility of and the cellular responses to an exposure with silver nanoparticles.

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“…Polymer coatings are frequently stable under such conditions but other ligands can well be replaced in equilibrium-type reactions even under chemically less complex conditions [54,71]. …”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

Ahlberg¹,

Antonopulos²,

Diendorf³

et al. 2014

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

Self Cite

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this case, citrate and tannin were replaced by the frequently used stabilizer, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). This ligand efficiently replaces the citrate, as previously demonstrated for gold nanoparticles [32]. A purification of the nanoparticles to remove the synthesis byproducts was achieved by multiple ultracentrifugation steps and did not affect the stability of the dispersions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

Ristig¹,

Chernousova²,

Meyer‐Zaika³

et al. 2015

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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SummaryAlloyed silver–gold nanoparticles were prepared in nine different metal compositions with silver/gold molar ratios of ranging from 90:10 to 10:90. The one-pot synthesis in aqueous medium can easily be modified to gain control over the final particle diameter and the stabilizing agents. The purification of the particles to remove synthesis by-products (which is an important factor for subsequent in vitro experiments) was carried out by multiple ultracentrifugation steps. Characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV–vis spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) showed spherical, monodisperse, colloidally stable silver–gold nanoparticles of ≈7 nm diameter with measured molar metal compositions very close to the theoretical values. The examination of the nanoparticle cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) showed that the toxicity is not proportional to the silver content. Nanoparticles with a silver/gold molar composition of 80:20 showed the highest toxicity.

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“…[10][11][12] Besidesc itrate which simultaneously acts as nanoparticle stabilizer due to physisorption of carboxylate groups to the nanoparticle surface,the gold surface additionally contains residual amountso ft etrachloroaurate (bottom row in Figure 2), chloride and hydroxyl anions. [21,22] By varying the ratio of citrate/chloroaurica cid gold nanoparticles with defined sizes between 9nma nd 120 nm can be prepared. Ar eaction time of approximately15minutes at 100 8Cisusually sufficient to complete the reaction.…”

Section: Nanoparticle Synthesis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Size Determines the Value of Gold: Economic Aspects of Wet Chemical and Laser‐Based Metal Colloid Synthesis

et al. 2017

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Gold is one of the most valuable materials, and its monetary value is enhanced by size reduction from bullions to colloidal nanoparticles by a factor of 450. Wet-chemical reduction with subsequent centrifugation and pulsed laser ablation in liquids are frequently used for pure colloidal gold synthesis. Both methods provide similar physicochemical nanoparticle properties, but are very different synthesis techniques. However, the costs inherent to these methods are surprisingly seldom discussed. Both methods have in common that the labor effort poses the majority of synthesis costs. Besides an increase in batch size and mass concentration, especially an increase of the nanoparticle productivity via higher laser power and centrifugation capacity reduces synthesis costs if pilot- or industrial-scale applications are intended. In this case, laser-based synthesis is more economical if its productivity exceeds a break-even value of 550 mg h , where the costs arising are limited by the metal costs. In contrast to industrial scale production, wet-chemical synthesis is more feasible for laboratory-scale applications, especially if the advantageous nanoparticle properties provided by laser ablation in liquids are not needed.

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Chemical composition of surface-functionalized gold nanoparticles

Cited by 50 publications

References 19 publications

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

How Size Determines the Value of Gold: Economic Aspects of Wet Chemical and Laser‐Based Metal Colloid Synthesis

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