Chemical composition of rainwater in an urban area of the southeast of Brazil

Martins, Eduardo Henrique; Nogarotto, Danilo Covaes; Mortatti, Jefferson; Pozza, Simone Andréa

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2018.10.003

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The equivalent ratio of Na + /Clmust be within the range between 0.5 and 1.5 to indicate a marine origin (Martins et al, 2019). The Na + /Clratio found in this study was 0.79 and only 8.1% lower than the seawater ratio of 0.86.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 39%

Source Identification of Episodic Rain Pollutants by New Approach: Combining Satellite Observations and Backward Air Mass Trajectories

Anıl

Alagha

Blaisi

et al. 2019

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, various source apportionment methods, viz., enrichment factor, relative source contribution, and factor analysis in addition to cluster analysis coupled with satellite observations, were used to investigate the origin of rainwater pollutants in an arid urban area of Saudi Arabia. The rainwater samples were collected by an automatic wet-only sequential rain sampler and analyzed for their pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and major ions (Cl-, NO 3-, SO 4 2-, HCO 3-, Na + , K + , NH 4 + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+). The results revealed that the chemical composition was dominated by Ca 2+ , SO 4 2-, Cl-, HCO 3-, and Na + , which represented 80% of the total ionic equivalent concentration. Ca 2+ , the most abundant ion, exhibited a mean concentration of 480 µeq L-1 and accounted for 30% of the total ionic equivalent concentration. The study area received a total ionic wet deposition flux (F WD) of 4.07 tons km-2 y-1 , and SO 4 2and NO 3contributed 76% and 24%, respectively, of the rainwater acidity. Ca 2+ was responsible for 80% of the rainwater's neutralization. The source apportionment indicated that intense local human activity and medium-to long-range transport from Kuwait, Iraq, Qatar, Riyadh, and the Western Province produced the majority of the anthropogenic components (SO 4 2-, NO 3-, and NH 4 +), which represented 47% of the total ionic F WD. However, moderate to high particulate matter loads over the southern part of Saudi Arabia and long-range transport from Iraq and Kuwait contributed the crustal components (Ca 2+ , HCO 3-, K + , and Mg 2+), which accounted for 36% of the total ionic F WD , whereas the Arabian Gulf was the primary source of the marine components (Na + and Cl-). We found combining satellite observations and cluster analysis of backward air mass trajectories to be an effective new approach for assessing the source-receptor relationships for atmospheric air pollutants.

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Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 39%

Source Identification of Episodic Rain Pollutants by New Approach: Combining Satellite Observations and Backward Air Mass Trajectories

Anıl

Alagha

Blaisi

et al. 2019

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Wet deposition (rainwater) is a significant sink of atmospheric contaminants, such as sulfur/nitrogen oxides and aerosol ( Benedict et al, 2018 ; Martins et al, 2019 ; Wei et al, 2019 ; Wu et al, 2012 ; Yang et al, 2019 ). Two processes including in- and below-cloud procedures are the keys to the elimination of atmospheric pollutants during the entire precipitation process ( Gonçalves et al, 2002 ; Xiao et al, 2013 ), and the chemical components and pH are varied concomitantly ( Facchini Cerqueira et al, 2014 ; Larssen et al, 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two processes including in- and below-cloud procedures are the keys to the elimination of atmospheric pollutants during the entire precipitation process ( Gonçalves et al, 2002 ; Xiao et al, 2013 ), and the chemical components and pH are varied concomitantly ( Facchini Cerqueira et al, 2014 ; Larssen et al, 2006 ). The chemistry-varied rainwater in different environments can further influence the chemical elemental redistribution and biogeochemical cycles on the earth-surface ecosystem, particularly, aquatic ecosystems ( Bhattarai et al, 2019 ; Martins et al, 2019 ). Furthermore, exploring the rainwater chemistry is beneficial for estimating the local atmospheric quality, which could be applied to identify the sources of atmospheric pollutants based on various physical-chemical procedures of different pollutants ( Cereceda-Balic et al, 2020 ; Rouvalis et al, 2009 ; Wei et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater chemistry observation in a karst city: variations, influence factors, sources and potential environmental effects

Zeng¹,

Han²

2021

PeerJ

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The rainwater chemistry and related air contaminants are used to investigate the rainwater ions sources, variations, and influence factors from 2012 to 2014 in Guiyang city (the typical karst urban area of Southwest China). According to temporal rainwater ion concentrations, the obvious variations were presented in the study period, such as Ca2+ (125∼6,652 μeq L−1) and SO42− (11∼4,127 μeq L−1). Consequently, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42− and Cl− are considered as the leading ions. Three critical influencing factors of rainwater ions concentrations, including sources variations, rainfall amount and long-distance migration (rainfall amount > 100 mm) are identified. Based on the typical ionic ratios, source identification suggested that anthropogenic inputs mainly contributed to F−, NO3− and SO42−, while the dusts (crustal sources) are the primary sources of Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+. Cl− Enrichment in long-distance transport is the main contributor of Cl−. According to the observation of high level of total wet acid deposition, the more detailed spatio-temporal monitoring of rainfall-related acid deposition (particularly sulfur deposition) is required to understand its potential environmental effects in the aquatic ecosystem of the earth surface.

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“…In the HYSPLIT analysis, 500 m above ground level (AGL) was used. According to [17], trajectories with lower than 500-meter altitudes are subjected to interferences from hills and valleys and whereas trajectories at higher altitudes exceed the mixing layer of compounds of interest. Subsequently, fire hotpot map which shows active fires areas also generated.…”

Section: Backward Trajectory and Fire Hotspots Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determining the composition of rainwater provides a major input sources of several elements to from the earth's surface [16]. Besides, study of the rainwater chemistry is important in order to quantify and qualify atmospheric contaminants to prevent damages to natural ecosystems through degradation of air quality, acidification of water bodies and soils, causing imbalances in the nutrient cycle and ecosystem productivity, as well as health issues [17]. The composition of rain is controlled by complex processes and it is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic activities [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater chemistry of acid precipitation occurrences due to long-range transboundary haze pollution and prolonged drought events during southwest monsoon season: climate change driven

Payus

Jikilim

Sentian

2020

Heliyon

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The purposes of this research were to study the characteristics chemistry of pH, anions and cations in rainwater, and to identify the possible sources that contributing to the acid precipitation during southwest monsoon season with occurrence of extreme drought event. During the southwest monsoon season, it normally occurs along with haze phenomenon that every year will hit Southeast Asia. This condition will aggravate with high acidic particles in the atmosphere due to the prolonged drought. The analysed parameters which involved pH, anions (NO 3-, SO 4 2and Cl À) and cations (Ca 2þ , Mg 2þ , Na þ and K þ) were analysed using pH meter, Hach DR 2800, argentometric method and ICP-OES. From the findings, it showed that acid rain occurred during the southwest monsoon season with the range of pH values from 4.95 AE 0.13 to 6.40 AE 0.03 and the total average of pH 5.71 AE 0.32. Anions NO 3-, SO 4 2and Cl À were found to be the dominant compositions of the acid rain occurrences with higher concentrations detected. In overall, rural area recorded with higher acidity of precipitation at total average of pH 5.54 AE 0.39 compared to urban area at pH 5.77 AE 0.26. Rural area surprisingly recorded higher frequency occurrences of acid rain with pH lesser than 5.6 and below compared to urban area. As for public health and safety, all rainwater samples during the acid rain event were found exceeded the allowable limits of NWQS and WHO standards, that shown not suitable for skin contact, recreational purposes even for drinking purposes.

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Chemical composition of rainwater in an urban area of the southeast of Brazil

Cited by 47 publications

References 63 publications

Source Identification of Episodic Rain Pollutants by New Approach: Combining Satellite Observations and Backward Air Mass Trajectories

Source Identification of Episodic Rain Pollutants by New Approach: Combining Satellite Observations and Backward Air Mass Trajectories

Rainwater chemistry observation in a karst city: variations, influence factors, sources and potential environmental effects

Rainwater chemistry of acid precipitation occurrences due to long-range transboundary haze pollution and prolonged drought events during southwest monsoon season: climate change driven

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