Chemical composition of rainwater and anthropogenic influences in the Piracicaba River Basin, Southeast Brazil

Lara, L. B. L. S.; Artaxo, Paulo; Martinelli, Luiz Antônio; Victória, Reynaldo Luiz; Camargo, P. B. D.; Krusche, Alex V.; Ayers, G. P.; Ferraz, Emanuela Prado; Ballester, Maria Victória Ramos

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00198-4

Cited by 204 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The value of NH + 4 is comparable to that in Seoul and higher than that in India, Turkey, and Brazil. Lara et al (2001) ples. pH values measured during summer seasons (JuneSeptember) with greater rainfall were higher than those during the winter season (October-December).…”

Section: Ionic Composition Of Rainwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Confirming anthropogenic influences on the major organic and inorganic constituents of rainwater in an urban area

Chon

Kim

Bae

et al. 2015

Drink. Water Eng. Sci.

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Abstract.Recently, rainwater composition affected by atmospheric pollutants has been the topic of intense study in East Asia because of its adverse environmental and human health effects. In the present study, the chemical composition and organic compounds of rainwater were investigated from June to December 2012 at Gwangju in Korea. The aim of this study is to determine the seasonal variation of rainwater chemical composition and to identify possible sources of inorganic and organic compounds. The volumeweighted mean of pH ranged from 3.83 to 8.90 with an average of 5.78. Of rainwater samples, 50 % had pH values below 5.6. The volume-weighted mean concentration (VWMC) of major ions followed the orderThe VWMC of trace metals decreased in the order Zn > Al > Fe > Mn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd > Cr. The VWMCs of major ions and trace metals were higher in winter than in summer. The high enrichment factors indicate that Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd originated predominantly from anthropogenic sources. Factor analysis (principal component analysis) indicates the influence of anthropogenic pollutants, sea salt, and crustal materials on the chemical compositions of rainwater. Benzoic acids, 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, phthalic anhydride, benzene, acetic acids, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acids, benzonitrile, acetaldehyde, and acetamide were the most prominent pyrolysis fragments for rainwater organic compounds identified by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results indicate that anthropogenic sources are the most important factors affecting the organic composition of rainwater in an urban area.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the Delft University of Technology.

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Section: Ionic Composition Of Rainwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, there have been adverse environmental effects on aquatic, biological, and terrestrial systems (Bard, 1999;Başak and Alagha, 2004). Thus, the chemical composition of precipitation has been investigated all around the world during the last decade (Lara et al, 2001;Mouli et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirming anthropogenic influences on the major organic and inorganic constituents of rainwater in an urban area

Chon

Kim

Bae

et al. 2015

Drink. Water Eng. Sci.

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“…Although there are extensive areas being burned every year in the Amazon basin as well as in the State of São Paulo, atmospheric deposition, such as in the Guayas Basin in Ecuador (Borbor-Cordova et al, 2006), is a minor source of nitrogen (8%) compared to fertilizers and BNF-ag. On the other hand, atmospheric N deposition comprised approximately 30% of all N inputs in New England watersheds (Boyer et al, 2002), 15-20% in Poland's watersheds (Eriksson et al, 2007), and 20% in the Piracicaba basin, where extensive areas of sugarcane area are burned every year during the dry season (Lara et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved nitrogen in rivers: comparing pristine and impacted regions of Brazil

et al. 2010

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Riverine nitrogen distribution is increasingly controlled by anthropogenic activities in their watersheds, regardless of spatial scale, climate, and geographical zone. Consequently, modelling efforts to predict the export of nitrogen from rivers worldwide have used attributes such as population density, land use, urbanization and sanitation. These models have greatly enhanced our understanding of the sources and fate of nitrogen added to terrestrial systems and transported to rivers and streams, especially for developed countries of the North temperate zone. However, much of the world's population lives in developing countries of the tropics, where the effects of human activities on riverine N exports are still poorly understood. In an effort to close this gap, we compare riverine nitrogen data from 32 Brazilian rivers draining two contrasting regions in this tropical country in terms of economic development -the State of São Paulo and the Amazon. Our data include nitrogen in different dissolved forms, such as Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) and Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON). The results show that nitrogen concentrations decreased as river runoff increased in both study areas, and that concentrations were significantly higher in rivers draining the most economically developed region. The relationships between nitrogen concentrations and fluxes with demographic parameters such as population density were also determined and compared to those in temperate systems. In contrast to temperate watersheds, we found that nitrogen fluxes increased only after population densities were higher than 10 individuals per km 2 .Keywords: nitrogen, river, pollution, Piracicaba basin, Amazon basin, Brazil. Nitrogênio dissolvido em rios de regiões distintas do Brasil ResumoA carga do nitrogênio em rios é cada vez mais controlada por atividades humanas independentemente da escala espacial, do clima, ou da região geográfica. Consequentemente, esforços de modelagem que predizem exportação de nitrogênio usam atributos que refletem atividades humanas, tais quais, densidade populacional, uso do solo, urbanização e saneamento ambiental. Estes modelos têm aumentado significativamente nosso entendimento sobre as fontes e destino do nitrogênio adicionado ao sistema terrestre e transportado aos sistemas aquáticos, especialmente em países desenvolvidos localizados no Hemisfério Norte. Entretanto, a maioria da população mundial vive em países em desenvolvimento dos trópicos, onde os efeitos das atividades humanas sobre a carga de nitrogênio nos rios são pobremente entendidos. Em um esforço para aumentar nossa compreensão sobre este fenômeno, comparamos a distribuição de nitrogênio dissolvido em 32 rios brasileiros, drenando duas regiões contrastantes em termos de desenvolvimento econômico -rios do Estado de São Paulo e da região Amazônica. Nossos dados incluem nitrogênio em duas formas dissolvidas: inorgânica (NID) e orgânica (NOD

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“…According to Lara et al (2001), Migliavacca et al (2004) and Souza et al (2007), the chemical composition of…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion input via rainwater in the southwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Calil

Schumacher²,

Witschoreck³

et al. 2010

CERNE

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Ion input via rainfall alone and after interception by the forest canopy, constitutes an important path of biochemical cycling, although few studies have provided information on the subject so far. The objective of this work is to quantify ion inputs, via rainfall, in the southwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Ten rain gauges were mounted in a field area. The quantification of stored water volume, along with sample collection for determination of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium contents, was done fortnightly from September 2006 to August 2008. Local annual average precipitation in the relevant period was 1,588.3 mm. The concentration of chemical elements in rainwater was found to vary throughout, being inversely correlated with the increase in rainfall, while potassium, ammonium, phosphate, sulfate, chloride and sodium were found to have a significant mutual correlation (p <0.01). Based on the annual amount of nutrient input via rainwater, it can be inferred that rainfall is an important source of chemical element input into the forest system.

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Chemical composition of rainwater and anthropogenic influences in the Piracicaba River Basin, Southeast Brazil

Cited by 204 publications

References 27 publications

Confirming anthropogenic influences on the major organic and inorganic constituents of rainwater in an urban area

Confirming anthropogenic influences on the major organic and inorganic constituents of rainwater in an urban area

Dissolved nitrogen in rivers: comparing pristine and impacted regions of Brazil

Ion input via rainwater in the southwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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