Chemical composition of PM2.5 during winter in Tianjin, China

Gu, Jie; Zhang, Bai; Li, Weifang; Wu, Liping; Liu, Aixia; Dong, Huijuan; Xie, Yuantao

doi:10.1016/j.partic.2011.03.001

Cited by 102 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The ratio of PM 2.5 / PM 10 reached up to 0.62 during the TECA period, indicating that fine particulate dominated the particulate pollution in Shijiazhuang. The mean concentration of PM 2.5 during the TECA period was significantly higher than that during winter in Beijing (95.50 µg m −3 ), Tianjin (144.6 µg m −3 ), Hangzhou (127.9-144.9 µg m −3 ), Heze (123.6 µg m −3 ), and Xinxiang (111 µg m −3 ) (Gu et al, 2011;Cheng et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2015;Feng et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2017a) and lower than those during winter in Handan (240.6 µg m −3 ) and Xi'an (266.8 µg m −3 ) Zhang et al, 2011). Additionally, the NAAQS (GB3095-2012, Grade II) values of SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , and CO were 60, 40, 160 µg m −3 , and 4 mg m −3 , respectively.…”

Section: Measures Taken In the Controlling Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Trajectory cluster 5 mainly originated from Ningxia Province and passed over Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Hebei before arriving at Shijiazhuang, accounting for 10.8 % of the total trajectories, showing the features of small-scale, short-distance air mass transport and significantly elevated levels of PM 10 (451 µg m −3 ), PM 2.5 (303 µg m −3 ), SO 2 (83 µg m −3 ), NO 2 (104 µg m −3 ), and CO (4.8 mg m −3 ) with trajectory cluster 5 possibly associated with the sources and accumulation of pollutants from surrounding areas. As it is well known that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is one of the most severely polluted areas in China (Gu et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2013;Bi et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014), it might be an important reason why the concentrations of atmospheric pollutants were higher with trajectory clusters 1 and 5 (Fig. 11 and Table 2).…”

Section: Backward Trajectory and Pscf Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effectiveness evaluation of temporary emission control action in 2016 in winter in Shijiazhuang, China

et al. 2018

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Abstract. To evaluate the environmental effectiveness of the control measures for atmospheric pollution in Shijiazhuang, China, a large-scale controlling experiment for emission sources of atmospheric pollutants (i.e. a temporary emission control action, TECA) was designed and implemented during 1 November 2016 to 9 January 2017. Compared to the no-control action and heating period (NCAHP), under unfavourable meteorological conditions, the mean concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , and chemical species (Si, Al, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ) in PM 2.5 during the control action and heating period (CAHP) still decreased by 8, 8, 5, 19, 30.3, 4.5, 47.0, and 45.2 %, respectively, indicating that the control measures for atmospheric pollution were effective. The effects of control measures in suburbs were better than those in urban area, especially for the control effects of particulate matter sources. The control effects for emission sources of carbon monoxide (CO) were not apparent during the TECA period, especially in suburbs, likely due to the increasing usage of domestic coal in suburbs along with the temperature decreasing.The results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis showed that crustal dust, secondary sources, vehicle emissions, coal combustion and industrial emissions were main PM 2.5 sources. Compared to the whole year (WY) and the no-control action and no-heating period (NCANHP), the contribution concentrations and proportions of coal combustion to PM 2.5 increased significantly during other stages of the TECA period. The contribution concentrations and proportions of crustal dust and vehicle emissions to PM 2.5 decreased noticeably during the CAHP compared to other stages of the TECA period. The contribution concentrations and proportions of industrial emissions to PM 2.5 during the CAHP decreased noticeably compared to the NCAHP. The pollutants' emission sources during the CAHP were in effective control, especially for crustal dust and vehicles. However, the necessary coal heating for the cold winter and the unfavourable meteorological conditions had an offset effect on the control measures for emission sources to some degree. The results also illustrated that the discharge of pollutants might still be enormous even under such strict control measures.

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Section: Measures Taken In the Controlling Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Backward Trajectory and Pscf Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Effectiveness evaluation of temporary emission control action in 2016 in winter in Shijiazhuang, China

et al. 2018

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“…Elements, ions, and carbon fractions are often measured in PM 2.5 to better evaluate the adverse effects and to indicate contributing sources. Several studies have reported these measurements in China Chow et al, 2006;Deng et al, 2011;Duan et al, 2006;Gu et al, 2011;Guinot et al, 2007;He et al, 2001;Ho et al, 2006;Hu et al, 2010;Shen et al, 2007;So et al, 2007;Song et al, 2007;Sun et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2007;Wu et al, 2003;Xu et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2010;Zhang and Friedlander, 2000;Zhao et al, 2010), but the areas studied, sampling site zones of representation, sampling periods, variables measured, and analysis methods are of insufficient consistency to evaluate similarities and differences. Reported here are consistently characterized simultaneous winter and summer PM 2.5 mass and chemical concentrations obtained during 2003 at receptors with neighborhood and urban scale (Chow et al, 2002) in 14 of China's major cities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter and Summer PM_2.5 Chemical Compositions in Fourteen Chinese Cities

Cao

Shen

Chow

et al. 2012

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

372

175

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PM 2.5 in 14 of China's large cities achieves high concentrations in both winter and summer with averages >100 g m À3 being common occurrences. A grand average of 115 g m À3 was found for all cities, with a minimum of 27 g m À3 measured at Qingdao during summer and a maximum of 356 g m À3 at Xi'an during winter. Both primary and secondary PM 2.5 are important contributors at all of the cities and during both winter and summer. While ammonium sulfate is a large contributor during both seasons, ammonium nitrate contributions are much larger during winter. Lead levels are still high in several cities, reaching an average of 1.68 g m À3 in Xi'an. High correlations of lead with arsenic and sulfate concentrations indicate that much of it derives from coal combustion, rather than leaded fuels, which were phased out by calendar year 2000. Although limited fugitive dust markers were available, scaling of iron by its ratios in source profiles shows $20% of PM 2.5 deriving from fugitive dust in most of the cities. Multipollutant control strategies will be needed that address incomplete combustion of coal and biomass, engine exhaust, and fugitive dust, as well as sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and ammonia gaseous precursors for ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate.Implications: PM 2.5 mass and chemical composition show large contributions from carbon, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and fugitive dust during winter and summer and across fourteen large cities. Multipollutant control strategies will be needed that address both primary PM 2.5 emissions and gaseous precursors to attain China's recently adopted PM 2.5 national air quality standards.

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“…Above studies located in the clean Europe and Oceania, and showed exposure to particulate matter was higher in buses or cars than were exposures encountered during walking or cycling. However, Huang et al [5] found that taxi commuters were exposed to lower concentrations of PM 2.5 compared with bus commuters and cyclists in Beijing. That is, PM 2.5 exposures were highest when walking in Beijing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Tianjin is also faced with serious problems of particulate matter pollution and poor visibility. The problem is compounded by the fact that traffic congestion has caused many vehicles to stay on the road and in traffic microenvironments for extended stretches, exposing the commuters of these vehicles to air pollutants over prolonged periods of time [5]. Tianjin is a major city of a production of bicycle and also is a city of cycling as a mode of transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%