Chemical Composition of Milk and Rumen Microbiome Diversity of Yak, Impacting by Herbage Grown at Different Phenological Periods on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Fan, Qingshan; Wanapat, Metha; Hou, Fujiang

doi:10.3390/ani10061030

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…In this study, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the most predominant bacterial phyla in the rumen of Tibetan sheep, corroborating the results of previous studies on Tibetan sheep (38,39), cattle (40), sheep (41), yaks (5,9,12), goats (42), and pikas (43), and indicating that these bacteria play an important role in the ecology and function of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. Kim et al (44) conducted a meta-analysis of all selected 16S rRNA sequences stored in the NCBI database to summarize the distribution of rumen bacteria in major domestic animals and found that the proportions of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were approximately 31% and 56%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Rumen Microbiota of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) Adaptation to Extremely Cold Season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2021

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The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is characterized by low temperatures and hypoxia, and this feature is more obvious in the winter. However, it is not clear how Tibetan sheep adapt to extreme cold climates. To address this, we used physiological methods combined with next-generation sequencing technology to explore the differences in growth performance, forage nutrient digestion, serum biochemical indexes, and rumen microbial communities of Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) between the summer and winter. In the summer, owing to the high nutritional quality of the forage, the Tibetan sheep showed enhanced forage degradation and fermentation though increased counts of important bacteria in the rumen, such as Bacteroidetes, Prevotella_1, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Ruminococcus_1, Saccharofermentans, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, to improve the growth performance and increase serum immunity and antioxidant status. In the winter, owing to the low nutritional quality of the forage, the Tibetan sheep presented low values of forage degradation and fermentation indicators. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, microbial diversity, interactive activity between microorganisms, and metabolism were significantly increased, implying that the rumen microbiota could promote the decomposition of forage biomass and the maintenance of energy when forage nutritional value was insufficient in the winter. Our study helps in elucidating the mechanism by which Tibetan sheep adapt to the high-altitude harsh environments, from the perspective of the rumen microbiota.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Rumen Microbiota of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) Adaptation to Extremely Cold Season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2021

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“…Ruminal contents (liquid and particulate herbage material) were collected using an oral stomach tube from the 24 yaks selected. This method has been used extensively in previous studies [16,22]. The first 50 mL of rumen fluid was discarded to avoid contamination from previous animas or its own saliva; this was followed by collection of 50 mL rumen fluid from each animal prior to grazing in the morning, and immediate pH measurement by pH meter (Model 144 PB-10, Sartorius Co., Germany).…”

Section: Sampling Of Rumen Contents and Measurement Of Fermentation Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen bacteria influence milk protein yield of yak grazing on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau

2021

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Objective: Ruminants are completely dependent on their microbiota for rumen fermentation, feed digestion, and consequently, their metabolism for productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the rumen bacteria of lactating yaks with different milk protein yields, using high-throughput sequencing technology, in order to understand the influence of these bacteria on milk production. Methods: Yaks with similar high milk protein yield (high milk yield and high milk protein content, HH; n = 12) and low milk protein yield (low milk yield and low milk protein content, LL; n = 12) were randomly selected from 57 mid-lactation yaks. Ruminal contents were collected using an oral stomach tube from the 24 yaks selected. High-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used. Results: Ruminal ammonia N, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and isobutyrate concentrations were found to be higher in HH than LL yaks. Community richness (Chao 1 index) and diversity indices (Shannon index) of rumen microbiota were higher in LL than HH yaks. Relative abundances of the Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes phyla in the rumen fluid were significantly increased in HH than LL yaks, but significantly decreased for Firmicutes. Relative abundances of the Succiniclasticum, Butyrivibrio 2, Prevotella 1, and Prevotellaceae UCG-001 genera in the rumen fluid of HH yaks was significantly increased, but significantly decreased for Christensenellaceae R-7 group and Coprococcus 1. Principal coordinates analysis on unweighted UniFrac distances revealed that the bacterial community structure of rumen differed between yaks with high and low milk protein yields. Furthermore, rumen microbiota were functionally enriched in relation to transporters, ABC transporters, ribosome, and urine metabolism, and also significantly altered in HH and LL yaks. Conclusion: We observed significant differences in the composition, diversity, fermentation product concentrations, and function of ruminal microorganisms between yaks with high and low milk protein yields, suggesting the potential influence of rumen microbiota on milk protein yield in yaks. A deeper understanding of this process may allow future modulation of the rumen microbiome for improved agricultural yield through A c c e p t e d A r t i c l e 3 bacterial community design.

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“…All animals in this experiment continued to graze on natural grass after collecting rumen fluid and were in good health condition. Samples (approximately 50 mL) were collected using an oral stomach tube as described by Fan et al (2020) [55]. The first 50 mL of rumen fluid was discarded to avoid contamination from previous animas or its own saliva [4]; this was followed by collection of 50 mL rumen fluid from each animal, and immediate pH measurement by pH meter (Model 144 PB-10, Sartorius Co., Germany).…”

Section: Sampling Of Rumen Digesta and Analyses Of Fermentation Parammentioning

confidence: 99%

Altitude influences microbial diversity and herbage fermentation in the rumen of yaks

et al. 2020

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Background Rumen microbiota in ruminants are vital for sustaining good rumen ecology, health, and productivity. Currently, limited information is available regarding the response of yaks (Bos grunniens) to fluctuating environments, especially the rumen microbiome. To address this, we investigated the diet, rumen bacterial community, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) of rumen fluid of yaks raised in the great Qinghai-Tibet plateau (QTP) at 2800 (low altitude, L), 3700 (middle altitude, M), and 4700 m (high altitude, H) above sea level. Results The results showed that despite a partial diet overlap, H yaks harbored higher fibrous fractious contents than the M and L grazing yaks. Bacteria including Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Ruminococcus_1, Romboutsia, Alloprevotella, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, Clostridium, Streptococcus, and Treponema were found to be enriched in the rumen of yaks grazing at H. They also showed higher rumen microbial diversity and total VFA concentrations than those shown by yaks at M and L. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) on weighted UniFrac distances revealed that the bacterial community structure of rumen differed between the three altitudes. Moreover, Tax4fun metagenome estimation revealed that microbial genes associated with energy requirement and carbohydrate metabolic fate were overexpressed in the rumen microbiota of H yaks. Conclusions Collectively, our results revealed that H yaks had a stronger herbage fermenting ability via rumen microbial fermentation. Their enhanced ability of utilizing herbage may be partly owing to a microbiota adaptation for more energy requirements in the harsh H environment, such as lower temperature and the risk of hypoxia.

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Chemical Composition of Milk and Rumen Microbiome Diversity of Yak, Impacting by Herbage Grown at Different Phenological Periods on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Cited by 33 publications

References 57 publications

Rumen Microbiota of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) Adaptation to Extremely Cold Season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Rumen Microbiota of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) Adaptation to Extremely Cold Season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Rumen bacteria influence milk protein yield of yak grazing on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau

Altitude influences microbial diversity and herbage fermentation in the rumen of yaks

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