Chemical Composition of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum) Seeds and Its Fractions and use of Bran as a Functional Ingredient

Abstract

Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) belonging to the family Cruciferae grown in India, Europe and US is an underutilized crop. The edible whole seed is known to have health promoting properties. Hence, it was assumed that these seeds can be a functional food. A preliminary work on chemical composition of seeds was carried out and the possibility of using it as nutraceutical food ingredient in dietary fiber formulation was explored. Three fractions namely whole meal (WM), endosperm and bran were analyzed for chemical composition. The yield of the endosperm and the bran fraction were 72 and 28%, respectively. The WM, endosperm and bran had 22.5, 27.7 and 12.6% protein, 27.5, 33.1 and 6% fat, 30, 13.6 and 75% dietary fibre (DF), and 1193.00, 945.15 and 1934.57 mg% potassium respectively. The major protein on SDS-PAGE was of 29.5 kDa. The most abundant amino acid was glutamic acid (19.3%) and the essential amino acid, leucine was the highest (8.21 +/- 0.01%) and methionine the lowest (0.97 +/- 0.02%). The major fatty acid was linolenic acid (30.2%) and low amount of erucic acid (3.9%) was also present. Bran having high water holding capacity and high DF, its use as source of DF was explored. The product contained 12% protein, 4% fat and 74.3% DF and exhibited desirable functional properties such as dispersibility, gelling ability, stability, formed homogenous mild alkaline suspension and was comparable to proprietary DF.

Application of ultra performance liquid chromatography-photodiode detector-quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS) method for the characterization of phenolic compounds of Lepidium sativum L. sprouts

“…This kind of fragmentation indicates the occurrence of glycosylation in accordance with literature data which show that in Brassica species, only sugar moieties such as glucose and rhamnose are predominantly bound in positions -7 [19,32,33,35,36]. In the disaccharide moieties present in analyzed compounds [2,3,5, and 6 (Table 1)] after fragmentation, the loss of 324 amu and low abundance of 162 amu selon occur, which, according to Ferreres et al [31], corresponds to a diglucoside with a 1-6 linkage, that is, gentiobioside.…”

“…Acylations are Table 1. The data presented are selected masses from the full-scan data of peak [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] present. The cinnamoyls derived from compounds (quercetin-3-O-di-Glc-7-O-Glc) and (kaempferol-3-O-diGlc-7-O-Glc) are widely distributed in Brassicaceae.…”

“…The whole seed which is edible is known to have health-promoting properties. Hence, it was assumed that these seeds can be a functional food [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Although L. sativum is widely used as food and medicinal plant, only the composition of glucosinolate is known well, and it has been identified as a principle bioactive constituent of this plant [9].…”

Preparation and characterization of protein isolate and biodiesel from garden cress seed

“…is an annual herb, belonging to Brassicaceae family that is native to Egypt and west Asia but is widely cultivated in hot temperate climates throughout the world for various culinary and medicinal uses [1]. Garden cress (Gc) is a fast-growing edible plant.…”

“…The seed bran has high dietary fiber content and also it has high water holding capacity. Gc bran can be used as a rich source of dietary fiber [1]. Garden cress seed contains 20-25% yellowish semidrying oil and the major fatty acid in it is alpha linolenic acid (32-34%) [6].…”