Chemical Composition of Fruits

Boland, Frederick E; Blomquist, Victor H; Éstrin, B. M.

doi:10.1093/jaoac/51.6.1203

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The levels of the three principal sugars in both the fresh whole strawberries (90% H2O) and vacuum-dried powders were in good agreement when calculated on the same basis, i.e., fresh weight or dry weight. Our values are also in good agreement with the amount of invert sugar in fresh strawberries reported by Boland et al (1968) or the total "crude" carbohydrate levels reported by Watt and Merrill (1963). The "crude" carbohydrate values were obtained by calculation, taking the difference between 100 and the sum of the percentages of crude protein, crude fat, ash, and water.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Irradiated strawberries. Chemical, cytogenetic, and antibacterial properties

Schubert¹,

Sanders²,

Pan³

et al. 1973

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Irradiated strawberries. Chemical, cytogenetic, and antibacterial properties

Schubert¹,

Sanders²,

Pan³

et al. 1973

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Such phenolic-organic acid interaction may be common in fruit tissues (F1euriet and Macheix 1975, Morozumi et al 1989, Pont and Pezet 1990. A wide variety of potentially antifungal phenolics are known or suspected to be present in ericaceous fruits (Cipollini 1991 ), as are unusually high levels of organic acids (Markakis et al 1963, Boland et al 1968, Eck 1988. The notable antifungal activities present in tissue extracts of the FL species, V. macrocarpon, A. uvaursi, and G. procumbens, have been attributed to phenolic constituents (Morse 1930, Constantine et al 1966, Papas et al 1966, Graham et al 196 7, Swartz and Medrick 1968, Frohne 1969, Matzner 1971, Mitscher 197 5, Schwarz and Boone 1985.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Rot, Antifungal Defense, and Palatability of Fleshy Fruits for Frugivorous Birds

Cipollini¹,

Stiles²

1993

Ecology

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We tested several predictions concerning fungal rot and antifungal defense of vertebrate-dispersed fruit. ( 1) Fungal fruit rot should be generally deterrent to frugivores. But because fungi may vary in their negative effects, antifungal defenses should be allocated in relationship to net effects of particular species on dispersal. (2) Defenses of fruits under selection for high palatability should be directed primarily toward microbes ("microbespecific" defenses). Lower quality fruits, for which high palatability is not crucial to dispersal, may be defended by more general defenses.(3) Preferred fruits should be defended to a lower degree than less preferred fruits, as a result of consistently high dispersal rates (Removal Rate model).We tested our hypotheses using real fruits and artificial-pulp media of six temperate ericaceous plants in feeding trials with captive birds and in fungal growth trials. Plants had been assigned to two temperate fruiting classes (Summer Small-seeded, SS, or Fall Lowquality, FL), and differed in ripening phenology, persistence times, and fungal resistance in the field. We compared feeding rates on fruits rotted by members of a suite of fruit rot fungi. We also determined feeding rates on artificial-pulp media that either contained ripe fruit extracts or did not, and we determined fungal growth rates on identical media. We found that: ( 1) fungal species depressed feeding rates in general accordance with their reported vertebrate toxicity. Relative to nontoxic fungi, toxic fungi were inhibited more strongly by secondary fruit pulp extracts. (2) Artificial-pulp media ofSS fruits were preferred in feeding trials, due both to basic nutritional composition and nondeterrent (microbespecific) secondary defense. (3) In accordance with the Removal-Rate model, artificial-pulp media of the preferred SS fruits showed significant antifungal activity, but at a much lower level than that of FL fruits. Our results suggest that a primary function of secondary chemicals in ripe fruits may be to defend against destructive fungi that compete with seed dispersers for the pulp. Our results generally support the hypothesis that selective pressures may result in ripe fruit defenses that are directed primarily against organisms having strong negative effects upon dispersal. As such, factors influencing risk of pulp consumption by nondispersers may be useful predictors of fruit defense patterns.

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“…Первые сведения о химическом составе ягод клюквы крупноплодной в ус ло виях Северной Америки относятся к 1879 году (Goessmann, 1879). Более подробно этот вид исследован Феллерсом и Эсселеном (Fellers, Esselen, 1955), Боландом с соавторами (Boland et al, 1968). В отечественной литературе о клюкве крупно плодной имеются лишь единичные сведения (Шарковский, Чекалинская, 1977; Шарковский 1978; Буткус, Рузгене, 1980; Шарковский, Вересковский, 1980; Буткус и др., 1982; 1983), т.к.…”

Section: величина приростов растенийunclassified

“…В ягодах клюквы крупноплодной содержится: 1.6 % клетчатки, 0.4 % жиров (Fellers, Esselen, 1955) и от 00.4-0.13 (Boland et al, 1968) до 0.2 % от сырого вещества (Fellers, Esselen, 1955) белков, а также эфирное масло 1.1 мг/кг сырого вещества, в составе которого обнаружено 89 компонентов, в том числе 19 алифатических альдегидов и кетонов, 19 производных терпенов, 19 ароматических и 12 других веществ (Anjou, Sydow, 1967).…”

Section: клюква на юге острова сахалинunclassified

Cranberry in the south of Sakhalin Island

Kryshnyaya¹,

Kordyukov²

2018

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В монографии приводятся результаты исследований морфологических признаков и особен ностей фенологии клюквы болотной, произрастающей на ягодниках юга Сахалина с различной степенью антропогенной нагрузки. Освещаются пищевая и лекарственная ценность, приводится информация о роли ряда веществ, содержащихся в ягодах, результатах экспериментальной интродукции и введения в культуру клюквы крупноплодной в условиях юга острова; рассматриваются наиболее перспективные сорта. Даны рекомендации по культивированию клюквы крупноплодной в производстве и на приусадебных участках.Книга предназначена для экологов, ботаников, студентов и преподавателей биологических специальностей и всех неравнодушных к природе читателей. Ил. 44, табл. 31, библ. 134.

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Chemical Composition of Fruits

Abstract: Authentic data are presented on the chemical composition of strawherries, red raspberries, blackberries, black raspberries, boysenberries, and cranberries. Samples were analyzed for total soluble solids, ash, K2O, P2O5, invert sugar, protein, anhydrous citric acid, and amino acids.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Irradiated strawberries. Chemical, cytogenetic, and antibacterial properties

Irradiated strawberries. Chemical, cytogenetic, and antibacterial properties

Fruit Rot, Antifungal Defense, and Palatability of Fleshy Fruits for Frugivorous Birds

Cranberry in the south of Sakhalin Island

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