Chemical Composition of Four Cultivated Tropical Bamboo in Genus Gigantochloa

Abstract

The chemical compositions of cultivated 3 year-old bamboo culms of Gigantochloa brang, G. levis, G. scortechinii and G. wrayi were studied. The culms exhibited different chemical composition in extractives, α-cellulose, lignin and ash contents between the bamboo species, location in the culms and position at the nodes and internodes. The extractive content in four species ranged from 8.30 to 9.23%. The extractive content of G.brang, G.levis, G.scortechinii and G.wrayi were 8.30%, 9:23%, 8:00% and 8.62% respectively. The holocellulose content for G. levis were 85.08%, G. wrayi 84.53%, G. brang 79.94% and G. scortechinii 74.62%. The holocellulose content for the cultivated bamboo genus Gigantochloa were 74% to 85%. The α-cellulose is the chemical constituents in the holocellulose. The highest was G.brang (51.58%) followed by G. scortechinii (46.87%), G. wrayi (37.66%) and G. levis (33.80%). The lignin content ranged between 24.84 to 32.65%. The highest were obtained in G. scortechinii (32.55%), G. wrayi (30.04%), G. levis (26.50%) and lowest in G. brang (24.83%). The ash content in four species of Gigantochloa bamboo ranged between 0.88 to 2.86%. The ash content is the highest in G. scortechinii (2.83%) follow by G. levis (1.29%), G. brang (1.25%) and the lowest in G. wrayi (0.88%).

Profiling the Chemical Composition and Growth Strain of Giant Bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro)

“…The averaged intensity ratio from the middle layers was only 68% of that from the inner layers and 78% of that from the outer layers. The low lignin contents in the middle layer of bamboo culm were consistent with those in the genus Gigantochloa (Wahab et al 2013).…”

“…Due to the fast growing characteristics of bamboo, it has been recognized as a promising plant to sequester CO2 and reduce the pressure on natural resources (Vogtlander et al 2010;Cao et al 2014;Escamilla and Habert 2014;Ren et al 2014). Many researchers have reported the diverse properties of bamboo such as anatomical structure, physical and mechanical properties, chemical composition, and degradation (Li et al 2007;Wang and Ren 2008;Rousset et al 2011;Tomak et al 2013;Wahab et al 2013). Giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Wallich ex Munro) belongs to the subfamily Bambusoideae of the family Poaceae (Gramineae).…”

Prospect of bamboo as a renewable textile fiber, historical overview, labeling, controversies and regulation

“…A number of studies have been attempted to describe anatomical changes occurring in the culm tissues such as cell wall thickening and lignifications during culm maturation and their significance in change of technical properties (Liese 1987(Liese , 1998(Liese , 2004aAlvin and Murphy 1998;Liese and Grosser 2000;Wahab et al 2013;Liese and Tang 2015). Unlike wood, there are no such major differences found among genera and species of bamboo in their anatomical structure yet certain species are ideal for specific uses (Liese 1992;Liese and Tang 2015).…”

“…Above 90 % of hemicelluloses in bamboo comprise of xylan (4-O-acetyl-4-O-methyl-d-glucuronoxylan, a relatively short polymer, degree of polymerization 200) (Liese 1987;Liese and Tang 2015). Lignin (a typical grass lignin) is a polymer of phenyl-propane units (p-hydroxyphenyl) (H), guaiacyl (G) and syringly (S) in a molar ratio of 10:68:22 (Wahab et al 2013;Liese and Tang 2015).…”

Influence of Input Variables over the Wood Digestion in a Sulfite Pulp Mill for Biorefinery Purposes

“…Ash was measured using the standard Tappi T211 (Tappi, 1993) and a furnace at 525º C. Lignin was determined by Tappi T222 (Tappi, 1993) as follows: carbohydrates in wood are hydrolyzed and solubilized by sulfuric acid; the acid-insoluble lignin is filtered off, dried, and weighed; the acid-soluble lignin can be determined in a solution after filtering off the insoluble lignin using a spectrophotometer based on absorption of ultraviolet radiation at 205 nm. Holocellulose was determined with the Wise method (Wahab et al, 2013). The sample is treated with water and sodium chlorite in an acid medium achieved by the addition of some drops of acetic acid and it is heated using a water-bath at 75-80º C. This procedure is repeated until the sample is bleached.…”