Chemical Composition of Exosporium from Spores of
            <i>Bacillus cereus</i>

Matz, Leonard L.; Beaman, T C; Gerhardt, Philipp

doi:10.1128/jb.101.1.196-201.1970

Cited by 114 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The paracrystalline layer has a hexagonal, perforate lattice structure (Beaman et al 1971). In addition to protein components, the native exosporium fraction contained lipid and carbohydrate (Matz et al 1970;Beaman et al 1971). Approximately eight protein components were reported to be present in the exosporium, but these were not characterized further (Beaman et al 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the exosporium of Bacillus cereus

Charlton

Moir

Baillie³

1999

J Appl Microbiol

112

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Exosporium components from endospores of Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 were purified and separated by gel electrophoresis. Several of the proteins for which N‐terminal sequences were recovered were found to have homologues in protein databases which have been demonstrated to have enzymic activity in other organisms. Amongst these is a zinc metalloprotease, immune inhibitor A, already described in B. thuringiensis. This has been shown to be present in an active 73 kDa form on the exosporium of B. cereus. Other proteins associated with the exosporium include the molecular chaperone GroEL and a homologue of RocA (1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.12)) of B. subtilis. Although these are unlikely to represent integral structural proteins of the exosporium, the observation that they are selectively present in the spore surface layer suggests that this layer may have functional significance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the exosporium of Bacillus cereus

Charlton

Moir

Baillie³

1999

J Appl Microbiol

112

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“…The IEP of carboxylic acids associated with protein is between 4 and 5 while the IEP of carboxylic acid associated with polysaccharides are closer to 3. Previous studies have also reported that the surfaces of spores consist largely of protein and polysaccharide (Matz et al 1970), while the spore cortex (mid section of the spore) consists of peptidoglycan. The diffusion of protons into deeper compartments can affect zeta potentials of individual spores depending on the electro-osmotic fluid flow through these layers (Poortinga et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Recently, there has been a shift in focus to the characterization of surface chemical composition of intact spores aimed at the development of rapid methods for detecting spores of pathological importance such as Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus (Fox et al 2003). The outermost layer of these bacillus species has an exosporium comprised of glycoproteins and lipids (Gerhardt and Ribi 1964;Matz et al 1970;Redmond et al 2004). However, some spores of thermophilic bacilli isolated from hot springs have an additional protective coat (Panessa-Warren et al 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of spore surfaces from a Geobacillus sp. isolate by pH dependence of surface charge and infrared spectra

Seale

Bremer

Flint

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: The surfaces of spores from a Geobacillus sp. isolated from a milk powder production line were examined to obtain fundamental information relevant to bacterial spore adhesion to materials. Materials and Results: The surfaces of spores were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Thin sections of spores stained with ruthenium red revealed an exosporium with a hair‐like nap around the spores. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectra of the spores exposed to different pH solutions on a ZnSe prism revealed that pH‐sensitive carboxyl and phosphodiester groups associated with proteins and polysaccharides contributed to the spore’s negative charge which was revealed by our previous zeta potential measurements on the spores. Lowering the pH to the isoelectric point of spores resulted in an increase in intensity of all spectral bands, indicating that the spores moved closer to the zinc selenide (ZnSe) surface as the charged surface groups were neutralized and the spore surface polymers compressed. The attachment of spores to stainless steel was threefold higher at pH 3 compared with pH 7. Conclusions: This research showed that spore attachment to surfaces is influenced by electrostatic interactions, surface polymer conformation and associated steric interactions. Significance and Impact of the Study: The adhesion of thermophilic spores is largely controlled by functional groups of surface polymers and polymer conformation.

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“…Neutral sugars could not be detected. In contrast, the exosporium of B. cereus contained two neutral sugars, glucose and rhamnose (20). Total lipids, estimated as dry weight, amounted to 13.8%, but detailed lipid analysis has not yet been carried out.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Purified Exosporium Fragmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exosporia of Bacillus cereus (7,20) and Bacillus thuringiensis (25) were isolated from spores and examined in detail concerning their chemical composition. In contrast, little information on the morphological and chemical properties of exosporia from the genus Clostridium is available.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation and Partial Characterization of Exosporium from Spores of a Highly Sporogenic Mutant of Clostridium botulinum Type A

Takumi

Kinouchi

Kawata

1979

Microbiology and Immunology

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Homogeneous fragments of exosporium were isolated and purified from mature spores of a highly sporogenic mutant derived from Clostridium botulinum type A strain 1901. The exosporium was composed of three lamellae and showed a hexagonal array when negatively stained. The hexagonal array of isolated exosporium was resistant to sodium dodecyl sulfate, urea, dithiothreitol, and proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, pronase, and nagarse, except for pepsin. The hexagonal array was partially disintegrated with 5 M guanidine-HCl and almost completely disrupted with 8 M urea in combination with 1% mercaptoethanol under alkaline conditions. The purified exosporium fraction was composed mainly of protein (69.1%) and lipids (13.8%). A small amount of amino sugars (2.5%) was present, but neutral sugars could not be detected. The exosporium protein had a predominantly acidic amino acid composition accompanied by low levels of cystine, methionine, and histidine.The spores of some species of Bacillus and Clostridium are known to be loosely enveloped by sac-like exosporium. The fine structure of the exosporia has been well documented using ultrathin sectioning (4, 7, 31), negative staining (12,19,32), and freeze-etching (13,26,32). The morphology of the spores and exosporia of Clostridium botulinum have been demonstrated by electron microscopy to vary according to toxigenic types and strains. The spores of type A are covered by multilayered exosporia (6,28,29), whereas those of type B are enveloped by open-ended, sheathlike exosporia (29). The outstanding features of the spores of type E are the presence of numerous tubular appendages and the delicate fibrillar structure of the membraneous and large exosporia (11,12).The exosporia of Bacillus cereus (7,20) and Bacillus thuringiensis (25) were isolated from spores and examined in detail concerning their chemical composition. In contrast, little information on the morphological and chemical properties of exosporia from the genus Clostridium is available. Recently, Lund et al (18) have isolated exosporium material from a pigmented Clostridium and studied its ultrastructure.In the present study, we isolated a highly sporogenic mutant from the oligosporogenic strain of C. botulinum type A to harvest a sufficient amount of spores. This 443

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Chemical Composition of Exosporium from Spores of Bacillus cereus

Cited by 114 publications

References 32 publications

Characterization of the exosporium of Bacillus cereus

Characterization of the exosporium of Bacillus cereus

Characterization of spore surfaces from a Geobacillus sp. isolate by pH dependence of surface charge and infrared spectra

Isolation and Partial Characterization of Exosporium from Spores of a Highly Sporogenic Mutant of Clostridium botulinum Type A

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