Chemical composition of environmental tobacco smoke. 2. Particulate-phase compounds

Benner, Cynthia L.; Bayona, Josep M.; Caka, Fern M.; Tang, Hongmao; Lewis, Laura; Crawford, John W.; Lamb, John D.; Lee, Milton L.; Lewis, Edwin A.

doi:10.1021/es00064a007

Cited by 80 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Environmental tobacco smoke contains approximately 1.5 µmol of lead and arsenic per gram of environmental tobacco smoke and thus was evaluated for confounding (Benner et al 1989). In all cases, we did not find cigarette smoking to be a confounding factor for the presence of lead and arsenic in house dust (Table 9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Lead, arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and house dust in the communities surrounding the Sydney, Nova Scotia, tar ponds.

Lambert

Lane

2004

Environ Health Perspect

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This study evaluated lead, arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in the residential communities adjacent to the Sydney, Nova Scotia, tar ponds, the area considered Canada's worst contaminated site. The tar pond remediation policy has been limited to the site and some residential properties. We compared background concentrations in 91 soil samples taken 5-20 km from the coke oven site with those in soil samples from the three communities surrounding the tar ponds: Whitney Pier, Ashby, and North End. These surrounding communities were statistically different from background regarding arsenic, lead, and PAHs. Twenty percent of the background soil samples and 95% of the tar pond soil samples were above the Canadian health-risk-based soil guidelines for arsenic (12 ppm), and 5% of the background samples and 80% of the tar pond soil samples were above the Canadian guidelines for lead (140 ppm). Regarding dust lead and arsenic loading, the results provide no evidence that Whitney Pier is significantly different than Ashby and North End. Children in these communities are predicted to have a 1-15% chance of blood lead > 10 µg/dL. The results suggest that lead and arsenic found in the homes originate outside. The lead content of paint in the homes was not evaluated, but consideration of painted wood at the doorway did not confound the results of the study. The results indicate that the residential environment has been adversely affected by PAHs, lead, and arsenic and should be considered for remediation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Lead, arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and house dust in the communities surrounding the Sydney, Nova Scotia, tar ponds.

Lambert

Lane

2004

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Leaderer and Hammond (29) confirmed in chamber studies that the air RSP-to-nicotine ratio generated by smokers smoking 10 different brands of U.S. cigarettes with widely differing machine-determined yields is similar. The average RSP-to-nicotine ratio was 14 In mainstream smoketaken in by the smoker-nic tained in particles composed and other nicotinelike alkalo most of the nicotine leaves et phase and becomes part of ti vapor phase (29,31,32). Nic( is breathed in through the no, and inhaled into the lungs by Nicotine is extremely soluble is highly extracted from ET respiratory tree (33 16) ing the slope of the regression line between air nicotine concentration and respirable particle concentration is the best way to assess the degree of correlation between air RSP and nicotine (29).…”

Section: Exposure To Nicotine From Environmental Tobacco Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure

Benowitz¹

1999

Environmental Health Perspectives

108

127

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Biomarkers are desirable for quantitating human exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and for predicting potential health risks for exposed individuals. A number of biomarkers of ETS have been proposed. At present cotinine, measured in blood, saliva, or urine, appears to be the most specific and the most sensitive biomarker. In nonsmokers with significant exposure to ETS, cotinine levels in the body are derived primarily from tobacco smoke, can be measured with extremely high sensitivity, and reflect exposure to a variety of types of cigarettes independent of machine-determined yield. Under conditions of sustained exposure to ETS (i.e., over hours or days), cotinine levels reflect exposure to other components of ETS. Supporting the validity of cotinine as a biomarker, cotinine levels have been positively correlated to the risks of some ETSrelated health complications in children who are not cigarette smokers. -Environ Health Perspect 1 07(Suppl 2): 349-355 (1999). http.//ehpnetl.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1999/Suppl-2/ 349-355benowitz/abstract.html

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“…The indoor Teflon chamber is described elsewhere. 13,14 Wood smoke was sampled from the flue line of a certified wood burning stove, introduced into the Teflon chamber, and allowed to equilibrate. A dedicated ultraviolet/black light system was constantly used to simulate ambient light to induce photochemical reactions following protocols previously described.…”

Section: Chamber Experiments With the Dual-ovenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A dedicated ultraviolet/black light system was constantly used to simulate ambient light to induce photochemical reactions following protocols previously described. 13,14 The dual-oven Sunset monitor and a PC-BOSS sampler performed 30-min sampling cycles. The PC-BOSS sampler consisted of a previously described 2 diffusion denuder and one similar to the denuder used in the dual-oven Sunset monitor.…”

Section: Chamber Experiments With the Dual-ovenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications to the Sunset Laboratory Carbon Aerosol Monitor for the Simultaneous Measurement of PM_2.5 Nonvolatile and Semi-Volatile Carbonaceous Material

Grover

Eatough

Woolwine

et al. 2009

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Chemical composition of environmental tobacco smoke. 2. Particulate-phase compounds

Cited by 80 publications

References 13 publications

Lead, arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and house dust in the communities surrounding the Sydney, Nova Scotia, tar ponds.

Lead, arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and house dust in the communities surrounding the Sydney, Nova Scotia, tar ponds.

Biomarkers of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure

Modifications to the Sunset Laboratory Carbon Aerosol Monitor for the Simultaneous Measurement of PM_2.5 Nonvolatile and Semi-Volatile Carbonaceous Material

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Chemical composition of environmental tobacco smoke. 2. Particulate-phase compounds

Cited by 80 publications

References 13 publications

Lead, arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and house dust in the communities surrounding the Sydney, Nova Scotia, tar ponds.

Lead, arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and house dust in the communities surrounding the Sydney, Nova Scotia, tar ponds.

Biomarkers of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure

Modifications to the Sunset Laboratory Carbon Aerosol Monitor for the Simultaneous Measurement of PM2.5 Nonvolatile and Semi-Volatile Carbonaceous Material

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Modifications to the Sunset Laboratory Carbon Aerosol Monitor for the Simultaneous Measurement of PM_2.5 Nonvolatile and Semi-Volatile Carbonaceous Material