Chemical Composition of Drilled Wells Water for Ruminants

Manera, Daniel Bomfim; Voltolini, Tadeu Vinhas; Menezes, Daniel Ribeiro; Araújo, Gherman Garcia Leal de

doi:10.5539/jas.v8n12p127

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Dilution of wastewater with low mineral content of freshwater and/or rainwater could be a useful approach to prevent the increase of certain minerals in water (Manera et al 2016). Alternatively, wastewater produced by reverse osmosis technology may be more suitable as drinking water for ruminates due to their higher tolerant levels to mineral content in the drinking water (National Research Council 1974;1980;2005) (Table 4) when compared to poultry.…”

Section: Variation In Ions Composition and Suitability Of Wastewater mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ions composition of waste water after reverse osmosis filtration of drinking water: risk analysis and contribution to mineral nutrition

Alrabadi

Al‐Rabadi

Alzoubi

2019

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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This work aimed to investigate the ions composition of wastewater produced after reverse osmosis and the suitability of using wastewater as a drinking source for different farm animals, especially in poultry, the most sensitive/intolerant farm animals. Ten samples of wastewater (three replicates) were obtained from different water filtration stations in Jordan and were analysed for their cations: sodium (Na), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) and anions; fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), nitrite (NO 2), nitrate (NO 3), phosphate (PO 4) and sulfate (SO 4) concentrations. The highest variation was found in both K (CV% = 99.7) and F (CV% = 90.78). With mineral concentration in extreme/highest cases, analysed wastewater samples can provide a negligible contribution to poultry (broilers) requirements, as the case in K (0.27%) or can supply excessive amounts as in Na (150.0%). In all wastewater samples, Cl and F levels were above the safety guidelines recommended for poultry drinking water. In some of the selected samples, presence of Na (9 out of 10 samples) and sulfate (5 out of 10 samples) was higher than the recommended limits for broilers. Other analysed minerals were found tolerable by poultry. Results suggest the feasibility of re-using wastewater directly or indirectly after mixing it with public water as a source of drinking water for farm animals.

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Section: Variation In Ions Composition and Suitability Of Wastewater mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ions composition of waste water after reverse osmosis filtration of drinking water: risk analysis and contribution to mineral nutrition

Alrabadi

Al‐Rabadi

Alzoubi

2019

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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“…The diameters or widths of screen openings are selected according to the grain size of the aquifer. The Abramow's formulas can be applied to calculate the dimensions of the screen openings based on the uniformity coefficient of grains of a filter layer, which is in a direct contact with the filter (η) [7,15,17,20]. It should be noted that the diameter of openings should not be smaller than 10 mm and not larger than 25 mm.…”

Section: Framed Screen Perforationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the shape of screen openings on groundwater flow to a deep drilled well

Wilk

Urbański

2018

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The authors propose a supplementary method for modelling seepage flow around a deep drilled well screen. The study applies 3D numerical modelling (FEM) in order to provide an in-depth analysis of the seepage process. The analysis of flow parameters (flux distribution q(x, t) and pressure distribution p) was conducted using the ZSoil.PC software system. The analysis indicates that the shape of perforation is of secondary importance during deep bore well screen selection.

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“…This knowledge is of paramount importance for semi-arid and coastal regions, given the varied population of ruminants in these areas and the competition among these animals for the scarce drinking water that is already used by the human population. A large portion of brackish waters have a high concentrations of Chlorine (Cl), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), and Sodium (Na) ions, mainly in the form of NaCl, MgCl 2 , and CaCl 2 salts (Manera et al, 2016), and constitute important sources to these animals. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of NaCl, MgCl 2 , and CaCl 2 on the in vitro rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of salt concentrations on <i>in vitro</i> rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein

Costa¹,

Araújo²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2020

SA J. An. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of three salts (sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and calcium chloride (CaCl2)) on the in vitro rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein substrates. Six salt concentrations were tested, separately, namely 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/dL. The experiment was conducted using the completely randomized design in a 6 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with main effects of salt concentration and salt type (six levels of three salts (NaCl, MgCl2, or CaCl2) (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/dL) into three substrates [starch, cellulose, and glucose]) with three replicates. Cellulose- and glucose-fermenting bacteria were sensitive to NaCl concentrations greater than 400 mg/dL (17.48 decisiemens per metre (dS/m)) and 800 mg/dL (20.55 dS/m) in the media, respectively. In contrast, starch-fermenting bacteria continued to grow in NaCl concentrations up to 1600 mg/dL (29.09 dS/m). Thus, it was concluded that starch-fermenting microorganisms tolerated higher concentrations of NaCl compared with the other microbial groups. Cellulose-fermenting microorganisms are less tolerant to MgCl2 in relation to the other microbial groups. Starch, cellulose-, and glucose-fermenting bacteria from cattle tolerate CaCl2 concentrations of up to 1600 mg/dL (12.26 dS/m). These results suggest that brackish water may be used for ruminants. However, it is important perform an analysis of that water and then to adjust diets to minimize the effects of types of salt and concentrations of salt on rumen microorganisms. Keywords: brackish water, dissolved salts, rumen microbes, water quality

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Chemical Composition of Drilled Wells Water for Ruminants

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Ions composition of waste water after reverse osmosis filtration of drinking water: risk analysis and contribution to mineral nutrition

Ions composition of waste water after reverse osmosis filtration of drinking water: risk analysis and contribution to mineral nutrition

The impact of the shape of screen openings on groundwater flow to a deep drilled well

Effect of salt concentrations on <i>in vitro</i> rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein

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