Chemical Composition of Cuticular Waxes and Pigments and Morphology of Leaves of Quercus suber Trees of Different Provenance

Simões, Rita; Rodrigues, A. L.; Ferreira‐Dias, Suzana; Miranda, Isabel; Pereira, Helena

doi:10.3390/plants9091165

Cited by 22 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In turn, intraspecific variation has been also reported for leaf pigments (e.g. Kaluthota et al, 2015;Martin et al, 2006;Ramírez-Valiente et al, 2015;Simões et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020). In N. alpina, intraspecific variation for total chlorophyll has been previously reported based on nondestructive measurements by a portable chlorophyll meter (Duboscq-Carra 2018).…”

Section: Genetic Variation Of N Alpina Pigment Contentmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Environmental variation along a species natural range can promote local adaptations in leaf pigment concentrations (Kaluthota et al 2015;Simões et al 2020), causing variation among natural populations. Due to the difficulties of decoupling genotype by environment interactions, common garden trials are a good choice to study the genetic control of potential adaptive traits (de Villemereuil et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic Plasticity and Genetic Variation of Leaf Pigment Content in a Southern Beech

Rios

Mujtar

Pastorino

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Physiological, morphological and phenological attributes are potentially adaptive traits that determine functional responses to certain environmental conditions. They are crucial for understanding adaptations to environmental variation along a species natural range. In particular, leaf pigment content can be a good proxy to the physiological and phenological tree state. Our goal was to evaluate the variation in pigment traits among Nothofagus alpina populations in a common garden trail during two years to infer local adaptation and/or phenotypic plasticity. We also aim to analyse the correlation between pigment traits and phenological traits and climatic data from the geographic location of the populations. To comprise the entire range of the species in Argentina, we analysed 400 individuals from eight natural populations coming from four lake watersheds. Pigment traits were estimated using a spectrophotometer and analysed with linear mixed model (LMM). Significant differences among fixed factors (populations - years and watershed – years) were found in chlorophyl a, b, total, carotenoids and anthocyanins concentrations. Higher concentrations were found for 2018, year with the highest number of rainy days and accumulated precipitation. Two populations (Boquete and Tren Tren) were always the most contrasting ones. At population level, the correlation between the means of pigment concentrations and phenological traits was significant in almost all cases. Conversely, the correlation between the means of population pigment concentrations and the main geographic, climatic and bioclimatic variables of the home range were not significant. The significance of the environmental factor (year) in the linear mixed models tested is evidence of phenotypic plasticity of pigment content, suggesting flexibility for acclimatization to moderate inter-annual changes in climatic conditions. The significance of population and watershed and the influence of the family factor on the variance of the pigment traits are evidence of the genetic control as well as the potential adaptive value of leaf pigment content in N. alpina, giving a base for adaptation to a long-lasting change in climate. High correlations between phenological and pigment traits indicate that, in N. alpina, the determination of only one pigment concentration could be used as a proxy of bud burst, senescence and growing degree days.

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Section: Genetic Variation Of N Alpina Pigment Contentmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Plasticity and Genetic Variation of Leaf Pigment Content in a Southern Beech

Rios

Mujtar

Pastorino

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The cuticular waxes obtained as dichloromethane extracts were analysed using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) with 5 mL of dichloromethane extracts evaporated under nitrogen (N 2 ) flow and dried under vacuum at room temperature overnight following a previously applied methodology. 18…”

Section: Extraction Of Cuticular Waxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutin extraction and composition determined under differing depolymerisation conditions in cork oak leaves

Simões

Miranda

Pereira

2021

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction: Cutin is a biopolyester involved in waterproofing aerial plant organs, including leaves. Cutin quantification and compositional profiling require depolymerisation, namely by methanolysis, but specific protocols are not available.Objectives: Investigate how different methanolysis conditions regarding catalyst concentration effect cutin depolymerisation and monomer release, to better define protocols for cutin content determination and composition profiling.Material and Methods: Cork oak (Quercus suber) dewaxed leaves were reacted with five sodium methoxide (NaOMe) concentrations. Extracts were analysed: glycerol by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and long-chain lipids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: Cutin was completely removed by 3% NaOMe (8.4% of dewaxed leaves), while mild 0.1% and 0.01% NaOMe methanolysis only depolymerised 14% of total cutin. Reactivity of cutin ester bonds is not homogeneous and glyceridic ester bonds are more easily cleaved, releasing the existing glycerol already under the mildest conditions (0.53% with 0.01% NaOMe and 0.41% with 3% NaOMe). The composition of cutin extracts varies with depolymerisation extent, with easier release of alkanoic acids and alkanols, respectively, 34.9% and 8.8% of total monomers at 0.1% NaOMe, while ω-hydroxyacids (49.3% of total monomers) and α,ω-diacids (9.0% of the monomers) are solubilised under more intensive reactive conditions. Conclusion:Cutin of Quercus suber leaves is confirmed as a glyceridic polyester of ω-hydroxyacids and alkanoic acids, with minor content of α,ω-diacids, and including coumarate moieties. The protocol for the determination of cutin content and compositional profiling was established regarding catalyst concentration. The molar composition of cutin suggests a macromolecular assembly based on glycerol linked to lipid oligomeric chains with moderate cross-linking.

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“…Pareilles modifications plastiques des traits stomatiques permettent à ces provenances d'ajuster la surface des pores stomatiques en réponse aux contraintes environnementales afin de réguler le gazeux(Bertolino et al 2019). Les modifications de ces structures épidermiques sont considérées en plus d'autres caractères morphologiques ou anatomique comme la taille réduite des feuilles, l'épaississement de la feuille et de la cuticule et la réduction de la dimension des stomates(Simões et al 2020) comme des traits d'adaptation que développe le chêne liège pour résister à la faible disponibilité en eau et aux épisodes de sécheresses de plus en plus récurrents sous l'effet du changement climatique (IPCC 2014).…”

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“…Par ailleurs, les plants de Quercus suber Quercus suber est munie de nombreux stomates et de trichomes en forme d'étoile qui est une caractéristique des Quercus périméditerranéens(Safou et Saint-Martin 1989). Ces structures en plus de la cuticule constituent les caractères épidermiques foliaires qui permettent au chêne liège, espèce sclérophylle, de résister à la sècheresse(Simões et al 2020). Les plants de Quercus suber ont développé une densité stomatique moyenne de 630 st/mm 2 qui est plus élevée que celle enregistrée chez des chênes des régions tempérées humides des forêts de…”

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Réponses adaptatives à un assèchement édaphique chez 3 provenances de chêne liège (Quercus suber)

Abassi¹,

Zouaoui²,

Hachani³

et al. 2021

Botany

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Les effets du changement climatique induisent dans la région méditerranéenne la recrudescence d’évènements extrêmes comme la sécheresse accentuant la dégradation des écosystèmes forestiers de Quercus suber L. Des jeunes plants de trois provenances tunisiennes de Quercus suber (EF, BM et OZ) ont été évalués pour leur tolérance au manque d’eau en les soumettant durant 90 jours à trois régimes hydriques (S0 : irrigation à 100 % de la capacité au champ (CC), S1 : 50 % CC et S2 : 25% CC). De nombreuses variables ont été mesurées (croissance des tiges, surface foliaire, densité et dimension des trichomes et des stomates, échanges gazeux et concentration en chlorophylles). Le déficit hydrique a occasionné une réduction des variables écophysiologiques et une augmentation de la densité des stomates et des trichomes. Une variabilité intraspécifique a été enregistrée. Les plants EF et BM ont montré un indice de plasticité phénotypique supérieur à celui des plants OZ. La meilleure flexibilité vis-à-vis du stress hydrique s’est traduite chez les plants EF par une augmentation de l’EUEi convertie en une croissance plus soutenue des tiges. Dans un contexte global de réchauffement climatique et de fragilité des forêts méditerranéennes, la réussite des nouveaux boisements de Quercus suber exige le choix de provenances les plus adaptées à la faible disponibilité en eau à l’instar de la provenance EF. The effects of climate change induce the increase of extreme events such as drought in the Mediterranean region, accentuating the degradation of forest ecosystems of Quercus suber L. Seedlings of Quercus suber (EF, BM and OZ) from three Tunisian provenances were evaluated for their tolerance to water shortage by subjecting them for 90 to three water regimes (S0: irrigation at 100% of the field capacity (FC), S1: 50% FC and S2: 25% FC) for 90 days. Several variables were measured (stem growth, leaf area, trichome and stomatal density and size, gas exchange and chlorophyll concentration). The moisture deficit caused a decrease in ecophysiological variables and an increase in stomata and trichomes density. Intraspecific variability was recorded. EF and BM plants showed a higher phenotypic plasticity index than OZ plants. The better flexibility towards hydric stress was reflected in the EF plants by an increase of the WUEint converted into a more sustained stem growth. In the overall context of global warming and of Mediterranean forests fragility, the success of new afforestation of Quercus suber requires the selection of the best adapted provenances to low water availability, such as the EF provenance

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Chemical Composition of Cuticular Waxes and Pigments and Morphology of Leaves of Quercus suber Trees of Different Provenance

Cited by 22 publications

References 61 publications

Phenotypic Plasticity and Genetic Variation of Leaf Pigment Content in a Southern Beech

Phenotypic Plasticity and Genetic Variation of Leaf Pigment Content in a Southern Beech

Cutin extraction and composition determined under differing depolymerisation conditions in cork oak leaves

Réponses adaptatives à un assèchement édaphique chez 3 provenances de chêne liège (Quercus suber)

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