Chemical Composition of Cotton

McCall, Elizabeth R.; Jurgens, Julian F.

doi:10.1177/004051755102100105

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A large variety of inorganic salts and organic compounds exist in the aqueous extract. Some compounds that have been identified in aqueous extracts of cotton lint are glycerine, beta-D-gluclose, alpha-Dglucose, beta-D-fructose, fumaric acid, L-malic acid, meso-inositol, oleic and linoleic acids, citric acid, and oxalic acid [ 16,29,41,42]. The level of water extractable materials in the unwashed cotton lint (MQ-111-A) is approximately 2%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Analyses of Washed, Bleached, and Scoured and Bleached Cotton Fiber

Domelsmith

Berni

Cocke

1986

Textile Research Journal

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The chemical compositions of four cottons from a 1982 washed cotton study conducted by the Industry/Government/Union Task Force for Byssinosis Prevention were established by proximate and elemental analyses. The four cotton samples were an unwashed control grown in Mississippi and the corresponding washed, bleached, and scoured/bleached processed cottons. The proximate analyses consisted of serial solvent extractions that furnished data on moisture, water extractables, ethanol extractables, ethanolamine extractables, cellulose, and insoluble residue. Ash production was also measured for the four cotton lint samples. Elemental analyses were performed by x-ray fluorescence for potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur, and by Kjeldahl analysis for nitrogen. The analyses demonstrate that the water wash and the scouring procedure are responsible for substantially increasing the purity of the cotton fiber. The level of water extractables was reduced by the water washing process, while the level of ethanolamine extractables was reduced by the scouring process. The washed cotton sample contained much smaller amounts of potassium and magnesium compounds than the unwashed control. Ash was reduced to approximately the same level by each of the washing processes.The nitrogen and calcium contents dropped steadily with increasing severity of processing conditions. The changes in chemical composition of cotton lint on processing are related to the layered structured of the cotton fiber. The Cotton Quality Research Station, USDA, and the Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, have determined the effects that dusts from these cottons have on pulmonary function in a group of human volunteers through measurements of the change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) on exposure to dust generated by carding the cotton samples. All three processed cottons were considerably less active than the unwashed control. Many of the chemical composition parameters showed a marked decrease with water washing alone.In 1973, Merchant and co-workers reported a series oaf experiments demonstrating that thorough washing of cotton prior to carding in a textile mill completely eliminated the biological activity of card dust in a human panel [30]. They also found that carding washed cotton generated a lower fine dust concentration (0.16 mg/m3) than carding raw cotton (0.89 Mg/M3), but the washed cotton was difficult to process in the mill. Since that time, human challenge experiments with dust from a variety of washed and raw cottons have shown that washing cotton prior to carding substantially reduces its ability to cause lung function decrements [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 31, 34, 39], while processing experiments have corroborated the work of Merchant et al. in decreased dust production by washed cotton [5, 23, 26, 27, 36, , 37, 39, 45]. The Cotton Quality Research Station, USDA, Clemson, South Carolina and the Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia, have conducted several washed c...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ash of cotton lint is composed of oxides of metals present in the cotton fiber and in contaminants that adhere to the fiber. The major constituent of the ash is potassium oxide [29]. Unwashed cottons will typically yield about 1 % ash.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analyses of Washed, Bleached, and Scoured and Bleached Cotton Fiber

Domelsmith

Berni

Cocke

1986

Textile Research Journal

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“…The biodegradability of textiles is influenced by factors like crystallinity, degree of orientation, degree of polymerization and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the fiber (Park, Kang, & Im, 2004). The cotton fiber obtained from plants has 8% moisture in it, while in dry form 94% of cotton fiber is cellulose (McCall & Jurgens, 1951). So these fibers are biodegraded easily (Table 1) once buried in soil, and the composites will be eco-friendly in the service life and after that.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the mechanical behavior of composites made from textile industry waste

Umar

Shaker

Ahmad

et al. 2016

The Journal of The Textile Institute

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Recycling the waste for environmental protection has been an important challenge for the mankind. The fibrous waste in textile industry accounts for approximately 15% of the amount of fibers used, leading to a lower yield %. The current study focused to use this waste as reinforcement to produce a fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Reinforcements were woven in 3/1 S twill, using yarn produced from noil waste and knitting waste in the weft direction. The weft yarn count, type of waste material and number of picks were the variables of study. Laminated composites were fabricated from these reinforcements and the mechanical properties (tensile, bending and impact) were compared to the conventional glass fiber composites. The specific mechanical properties of these composites were found comparable or less than that of glass fiber composites.

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“…Trace metals and inorganic impurities in raw cotton fiber have been well documented [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Salts of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium have been identified as constituents of inorganic impurities (ash content) in raw cotton fiber.…”

Section: Raw Cotton Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali Metal Ions and Their Effects on Smoldering and Ignition of Cotton Upholstery Fabrics-A Literature Review

Yeh

Song

Reznichenko

et al. 1993

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Several studies have previously suggested that alkali metal ions such as potassium and sodium play a critical role in the smoldering and ignition of cotton upholstery fabrics. We have conducted an extensive review of the relevant literature to identify potential sources of these ions and to delineate possible mechanisms by which they affect the smoldering and ignition of cotton upholstery fabrics. The hazard associated with the cigarette ignition of cotton upholstery fabrics is addressed in terms of statistics on fire fatalities. Potential sources of alkali metal ions on the cotton fiber have been identified as being (1) from soil and agricultural chemicals used during the growth of the cotton plant and (2) from alkali agents used in textile wet processes such as dyeing and finishing.A general framework and pathway of cellulose degradation, smoldering combustion and ignition to flaming combustion is presented. Potential effects of alkali ions on each of these processes have been analyzed. The most probable role of these ions is suggested to be a catalytic effect on the oxidation of carbonaceous char (smoldering combustion).

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Chemical Composition of Cotton

Cited by 55 publications

References 12 publications

Chemical Analyses of Washed, Bleached, and Scoured and Bleached Cotton Fiber

Chemical Analyses of Washed, Bleached, and Scoured and Bleached Cotton Fiber

Investigating the mechanical behavior of composites made from textile industry waste

Alkali Metal Ions and Their Effects on Smoldering and Ignition of Cotton Upholstery Fabrics-A Literature Review

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