Chemical composition of bulk precipitation in the metropolitan area of Costa Rica, Central America

Herrera, Jorge; Rodríguez, S.; Báez, A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.05.004

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In this study, the cumulative average at each site ranges from 0.97–1.49 for rain and 0.74–2.08 for snow, using concentrations units of μeq L –1 . These units are now applied for comparison with documented values in the following regions: Brazil (~ 1.10, Dias et al, 2012; ~ 0.61, Migliavacca et al, 2004; ~ 0.11, Migliavacca et al, 2005); Turkey (~ 0.625, Topcu et al, 2002); Jordan (~ 0.51, Al-Khashman,2005); India (~ 0.28, Singh et al, 2007); Costa Rica (~ 0.05, Herrera et al, 2009); Spain (~ 0.46 from 1984–1993 and ~ 0.94 from 1998–2009; Izquierdo et al, 2012); Mexico (~ 1.03; Baez et al, 2007); and numerous sites in Asia including in China, Japan, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Hong Kong (~ 0.36–1.14, Yeung et al, 2007). The sites with the lowest ratios were strongly influenced by SO 2 and source types such as vehicles, volcanoes, refineries, petrochemical activity, and thermoelectric plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol and precipitation chemistry in the southwestern United States: spatiotemporal trends and interrelationships

et al. 2013

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This study characterizes the spatial and temporal patterns of aerosol and precipitation composition at six sites across the United States Southwest between 1995 and 2010. Precipitation accumulation occurs mostly during the wintertime (December–February) and during the monsoon season (July–September). Rain and snow pH levels are usually between 5–6, with crustal-derived species playing a major role in acid neutralization. These species (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+) exhibit their highest concentrations between March and June in both PM2.5 and precipitation due mostly to dust. Crustal-derived species concentrations in precipitation exhibit positive relationships with SO42−, NO3−, and Cl–, suggesting that acidic gases likely react with and partition to either crustal particles or hydrometeors enriched with crustal constituents. Concentrations of particulate SO42− show a statistically significant correlation with rain SO42− unlike snow SO42−, which may be related to some combination of the vertical distribution of SO42− (and precursors) and the varying degree to which SO42−-enriched particles act as cloud condensation nuclei versus ice nuclei in the region. The coarse : fine aerosol mass ratio was correlated with crustal species concentrations in snow unlike rain, suggestive of a preferential role of coarse particles (mainly dust) as ice nuclei in the region. Precipitation NO3− : SO42− ratios exhibit the following features with potential explanations discussed: (i) they are higher in precipitation as compared to PM2.5; (ii) they exhibit the opposite annual cycle compared to particulate NO3− : SO42− ratios; and (iii) they are higher in snow relative to rain during the wintertime. Long-term trend analysis for the monsoon season shows that the NO3− : SO42− ratio in rain increased at the majority of sites due mostly to air pollution regulations of SO42− precursors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol and precipitation chemistry in the southwestern United States: spatiotemporal trends and interrelationships

et al. 2013

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“…Our results suggest that streams receiving inputs of highly buffered geothermally modified groundwater (of the sodium-chloride-bicarbonate type) might be capable of buffering increases in acidity due either to increases in terrestrially-derived CO 2 or to SO 4 2− and NO 3 − deposition as Central America continues to develop its urban centers (Hietz et al, 2011). For example, a recent paper reported high SO 4 2 − deposition in Costa Rican cities associated with volcanic activity and high sulfur content of gasoline (Herrera et al, 2009). Many tropical streams are very poorly buffered (Pringle et al, 1993), and will be vulnerable to natural acidification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental acidification of two biogeochemically-distinct neotropical streams: Buffering mechanisms and macroinvertebrate drift

Ardón¹,

Ramírez²,

Small³

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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“…In this study, the cumulative average at each site ranges from 0.97-1.49 for rain and 0.74-2.08 for snow, using concentrations units of μeq L -1 . These units are now applied for comparison with documented values in the following regions: Brazil (~ 1.10, Dias et al, 2012;~ 0.61, Migliavacca et al, 2004;~ 0.11, Migliavacca et al, 2005); Turkey (~ 0.625, Topcu et al, 2002); Jordan (~ 0.51, Al-Khashman,2005); India (~ 0.28, Singh et al, 2007); Costa Rica (0 .05, Herrera et al, 2009); Spain (~ 0.46 from 1984-1993and ~ 0.94 from 1998-2009Izquierdo et al, 2012); Mexico (~ 1.03; Baez et al, 2007); and numerous sites in Asia including in China, Japan, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Hong Kong (0 .36-1.14, Yeung et al, 2007). The sites with the lowest ratios were strongly influenced by SO 2 and source types such as vehicles, volcanoes, refineries, petrochemical activity, and thermoelectric plants.…”

Section: Nitrate:sulfate Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol and precipitation chemistry in the southwestern United States: spatiotemporal trends and interrelationships

Sorooshian¹,

Shingler²,

Harpold³

et al. 2013

Preprint

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This study characterizes the spatial and temporal patterns of aerosol and precipitation composition at six sites across the United States Southwest between 1995 and 2010. Precipitation accumulation occurs mostly during the wintertime (December–February) and during the monsoon season (July–September). Rain and snow pH levels are usually between 5–6, with crustal-derived species playing a major role in acid neutralization. These species (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺,Na⁺) exhibit their highest concentrations between March and June in both PM_2.5 and precipitation due mostly to dust. Crustal-derived species concentrations in precipitation exhibit positive relationships with SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, and Cl⁻, suggesting that acidic gases likely react with and partition to either crustal particles or hydrometeors enriched with crustal constituents. Concentrations of particulate SO₄²⁻ show a statistically significant correlation with rain SO₄²⁻ unlike snow SO₄²⁻, which may be related to some combination of the vertical distribution of SO₄²⁻ (and precursors) and the varying degree to which SO₄²⁻-enriched particles act as cloud condensation nuclei versus ice nuclei in the region. The coarse : fine aerosol mass ratio was correlated with crustal species concentrations in snow unlike rain, suggestive of a preferential role of coarse particles (mainly dust) as ice nuclei in the region. Precipitation NO₃⁻ : SO₄²⁻ ratios exhibit the following features with potential explanations discussed: (i) they are higher in precipitation as compared to PM_2.5; (ii) they exhibit the opposite annual cycle compared to particulate NO₃⁻ : SO₄²⁻ ratios; and (iii) they are higher in snow relative to rain during the wintertime. Long-term trend analysis for the monsoon season shows that the NO₃⁻ : SO₄²⁻ ratio in rain decreased at the majority of sites due mostly to air pollution regulations of SO₄²⁻ precursors

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Chemical composition of bulk precipitation in the metropolitan area of Costa Rica, Central America

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

Aerosol and precipitation chemistry in the southwestern United States: spatiotemporal trends and interrelationships

Aerosol and precipitation chemistry in the southwestern United States: spatiotemporal trends and interrelationships

Experimental acidification of two biogeochemically-distinct neotropical streams: Buffering mechanisms and macroinvertebrate drift

Aerosol and precipitation chemistry in the southwestern United States: spatiotemporal trends and interrelationships

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