Chemical composition of aerosol particles from direct emissions of vegetation fires in the Amazon Basin: water-soluble species and trace elements

A systematic review of the physical and chemical characteristics of pollutants from biomass burning and combustion of fossil fuels and health effects in Brazil

“…The Amazon biome was the most studied area in articles on the physical and chemical characteristics of PM 77,82 . Studies in this region show that PM 10 and PM 2.5 were predominantly composed of organic compounds 75,78,81,86 , and in the case of PM 2.5 these substances made up 70% to 92% of its composition 75 . Among the organic elements, Black Carbon (BC) made up between 5% and 15% of PM 2.5 , with values ranging from 5.5µg/m 3 to 16µg/m 3 during peak burning 76,77 .…”

“…During the dry season, PM 2.5 is predominantly composed of BC, sulphates (SO 4 2-), nitrates (NO 3 ) and metals 12,77,87 . Yamasoe et al 75 investigated the chemical composition of PM 2.5 relating to the burning phases or stages and detected that potassium (K), chlorine (Cl) and sulphate (SO 4 2-) were the dominant chemical elements. Ammonia (NH 3 ) was also found in fractions of PM 2.5 during the dry season in the Brazilian Amazon 77,81 .…”

Exploration of PM<sub>2.5</sub> sources on the regional scale in the Pearl River Delta based on ME-2 modeling

“…In this study, the undetermined mass of O and Si in this factor was compensated for using the elemental abundance in dust particles in Table S1 (Taylor and Mclennan, 1995). (5) The fifth factor was identified as biomass burning due to its significant characteristic value of K (Yamasoe et al, 2000). (6) The sixth factor had high concentrations and large EV values of OM and EC, as well as a certain range of EV values of Fe and Zn, which were related to tires and the brake wear of motor vehicles (Z. .…”

Mixing state of biomass burning particles by single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in the urban area of PRD, China

“…The remaining 9% of clusters characterized by lowmass spectral resolution was grouped into one class referred to as "Unclassified". Ca and Na, which are often regarded as originating from dust and sea salt, respectively (Pastor et al, 2003;Dall'Osto and Harrison, 2006;Yang et al, 2009), were not removed because these elements were also detected in the smoke of biomass burning (Silva et al, 1999;Yamasoe et al, 2000;Schmidl et al, 2008). Both CaeEC and NaeEC particles have been observed in vehicle exhausts (Sodeman et al, 2005;Toner et al, 2006).…”