Chemical Composition, Nutritional Value, Bioactive Compounds Content and Biological Activities of the Brown Alga (Sargassum Subrepandum) Collected from the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt

Abstract

The present study aims to determine the chemical composition, nutritional value, bioactive compounds content and biological activities of the brown alga (Sargassum subrepandum) collected from the Mediterranean Sea coasts, Egypt. Data of proximate chemical composition of Sargassum subrepandum powder indicated that carbohydrates were the largest compound (59.68 ± 3.23%) followed by ash (16.23 ± 1.14 %), crude fiber (9.18 ± 2.02 %), total protein (4.98 ±0.61%) and crude fat (0.91 ± 0.12%.). Also, the total energy Kcal/100g, G.D.R. (g) for protein (63 g) and G.D.R. (g) for energy (2900 Kcal) for the same samples were 266.83± 4.73, 1265.06±20.67g and 1086.83±15.48, respectively. Furthermore, bioactive compounds content of Sargassum subrepandum powder indicated that polysaccharides were the largest compound (152.45± 19.32 mg starch equivalent. g -1 ) followed by phenolics (122.67 ± 20.34 mg gallic acid equivalent. g -1 ), tannins (34.15 ± 6.90 mg catechin equivalent. g -1 ), carotenoids (30.78± 6.41 mg. g -1 ), flavonoids (29.31 ± 5.67 mg catechin equivalent. g -1 ) and anthocyanin's (3.65± 0.44 mg Cyanidin 3-glucoside, CCy3G equivalent.100g -1 ). The samples also recorded several very high biological activities which include inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, scavenging of free radicals, and antibacterial and antifungal. Such important biological effects could play important roles in strategies to combat/treat many diseases, especially those for which oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms for its occurrence i.e. diabetes, cancer, atherosclerosis, etc. Therefore, the present study recommended that brown alga (Sargassum subrepandum) powder and/or extracts to be included in our daily diets, drinks, food supplementation and pharmacological formulae.

Nutrients and Nutraceuticals Content and In Vitro Biological Activities of Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) Fruiting Bodies

“…The ethanol and methanol solvent are higher in improving the recovery of the bioactive compounds in Ganoderma lucidum than water, subsequently their efficiency in inhibiting bacteria and fungi. Such data are relatively accordance with that reported by Abd Elalal et al (2021) by using brown alga (Sargassum Subrepandum) extracts collected from the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt. Also, Kamenarska et al (2002) found that the toluene (non-polar compounds, including volatile compounds) and methanol :chloroform (1:1) extracts (compounds with average polarity) showed a moderate activity only against the gram-positive bacteria.…”

“…Ethanol extract (EtE) showed strong activity, even equal to αtocopherol at 50 mg/L and higher than that of BHA mg/L followed by methanol extract (MtE) even close to BHA and α -tocopherol at 50 mg/L while aquatic extract (AqE) showed lower antioxidant activity. Our previous studies with the others proved that the BCB method has been also used successively to evaluate the antioxidant activity in various plant parts including algae in vitro (Ismail et al,2004, Barros et al, 2007Abd Elalal et al, 2021;Elhassaneen et al, 2019, 2021a andb;El-Nassag et al, 2019). All of these studies reported that polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, lycopene and polysaccharides content, such as found in a highly content Ganoderma lucidum extracts, are highly correlated.…”

“…The theory of the DPPH radicals scavenging activity test is based on measurement of the a absorption of diene conjugation ( ) in the presence of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) (Antolovich et al, 2002). Our several previous studies with the others indicated that DPPH assay has been used successfully to evaluate the scavenging activity of various plant parts including algae (Aaby et al, 2004;Laura et al, 2010;Aly et al, 2017;El-Gamal, 2020;Abd Elalal et al, 2021;Elhassaneen et al, 2021a). Also, those studies proved that the free radical scavenging activity are very important to prevent the adverse role of free radicals in different diseases including obesity, diabetes, cancer, neurological, pulmonary, nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases.…”

“…The present data with the others proved that such effect could be attributed to the different bioactive compounds as antioxidants (phenolics, polysaccharides, carotenoids, terpenoids, vitamins etc.) contained in such Ganoderma lucidum extracts (Plaza et al, 2010;Shinichi, 2011;Aly et al, 2017;El-Gamal, 2020;Abd Elalal et al, 2021;Elhassaneen et al, 2021a).…”

Ultraviolet-c Radiation Induced Changes on Bioactive Compounds Content, Antioxidant Capacity and Microbial Quality of Minimally Processed Molokhia (Corchorus Olitorius L.) Leaves

“…In general, our previous studies with the others proved that the all previous antioxidant and scavenging activities methods have been also used successively to evaluate the antioxidant activity in various plant parts including eggplant in vitro [55,56,60,[84][85][86][87][88]. All of these studies reported that the bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanins) content, such as found in a highly content in fresh and frozen eggplant fruit extracts, are highly correlated with its antioxidant and scavenging activities.…”