Chemical composition, energy and nutritional values, digestibility and functional properties of defatted flour, protein concentrates and isolates from Carbula marginella (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Cirina butyrospermi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

Abstract

Edible insects constitute a potential source of alternative proteins as a food supplement. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, energy and nutritional values, the digestibility and functional properties of Carbula marginella (Thunberg) and Cirina butyrospermi (Vuillet) defatted flour, protein concentrates, and isolates. Carbula marginella has shown the highest content of protein (41.44%), lipid (51.92%), calcium (33.92 mg/100 g) and sodium (185.84 mg/100 g) while the highest contents of carbohydrate (34.54%), ash (4.77%), iron (31.27 mg/100 g), magnesium (150.09 mg/100 g), and potassium (1277 mg/100 g) have been observed for C. butyrospermi. Linoleic (30.23%), palmitic (27.54%), oleic (26.41%) and stearic (8.90%) acids were the most dominant fatty acids found in C. marginella. Cirina butyrospermi was characterized by high levels of oleic (27.01%), stearic (21.02%), linolenic (20.42%), palmitic (13.06%), and linoleic (8.01%) acids. Protein and essential amino acid contents of the protein isolates in both insect species were 1.7–2 times higher than that of their defatted flours. The protein isolate of C. marginella exhibited the highest protein digestibility (87.63%), while the highest fat absorption capacity (8.84 g/g) and foaming capacity (48.40%) have been obtained from the protein isolate of C. butyrospermi. These findings indicate that the protein concentrates and isolates of C. marginella and C. butyrospermi have great potential for industrial applications.

In Vitro Crude Protein Digestibility of Insects: A Review

“…As seen in Table 2 , with insect meals, most researchers use both phases (gastric and intestinal). However, some researchers have carried out simple gastric digestion [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ], and Séré et al [ 53 ] only performed enteric digestion. Only a few have previously added an oral phase [ 2 , 3 , 54 , 55 , 56 ].…”

“…This release causes a pH change (acidification) of the reaction medium, and a base must be added to maintain the pH. For the calculation of protein digestibility in the Hemiptera Carbula marginella and the Lepidoptera Cirina butyrospermi , Séré et al [ 53 ] used the following formula: Digestibility = 4.33 + 53.21X where X is the volume of NaOH (mL) poured at t = 10 min to maintain the pH at 8.0. Nielsen et al [ 68 ] indicated that the pH-stat technique should be used in pH conditions above 7, and Bryan and Classen [ 69 ] pointed out that this method is not suitable for determining food digestibility in terrestrial animals but is especially suitable for aquatic nutritional research.…”

“…Séré et al [ 53 ] compared the protein digestibility of defatted Carbula marginella and Cirina butyrospermi meals with isolate protein from the same insects. They found that protein digestibility was significantly higher in the isolate protein and justified this by the elimination of chitin in this fraction, as chitin reduces digestibility.…”

Nutritional and Functional Properties of Defatted Flour, Protein Concentrates, and Isolates of Brachytrupes membranaceus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) (Drury: 1773) and Macrotermes subhyalinus (Isoptera: Blattodea) (Rambur: 1842) from Burkina Faso

“…Threonine (9.90-10.47 g/100 g protein), leucine (8.43-9.44 g/100 g protein), and phenylalanine + tyrosine (6.22-8.92 g/100 g protein) were the predominant essential amino acids in defatted flour, protein concentrates and isolates of Macrotermes subhyalinus. Séré et al [44] reported a similar increase in leucine, isoleucine, and lysine content in the protein isolates of Carbula marginella and Cirina butyrospermi. Leucine and valine were limiting amino acids in defatted flour, protein concentrates, and isolates of Brachytrupes membranaceus, while lysine was a limiting amino acid in defatted flour of Macrotermes subhyalinus [45].…”

Assessing the Quality of Burkina Faso Soybeans Based on Fatty Acid Composition and Pesticide Residue Contamination

“…Helium was used as carrier gas, injector split ratio 1:50, flow rate 1 mL/min. The FAs were individually identified and quantified using the chromatogram peak areas of previously calibrated external standards [ 39 , 40 ]. A methanolic stock solution (1000 mg L −1 ) of the standards (palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2), γ-linolenic acid (18:3), lauric acid (12:0), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), eicosatrienoic acid (20:3), and erucic acid (22:1)) was available, and fresh dilutions for the working solutions were prepared daily ( Figure 2 ).…”