Chemical composition effects of methylene containing polymers on gas emission under γ-irradiation

Ferry, M.; Dannoux-Papin, A.; Dély, N.; Legand, S.; Durand, D.; Roujou, J.L.; Lamouroux, C.; Dauvois, V.; Coignet, P.; Cochin, F.; Esnouf, S.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2014.05.007

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This result has already been observed in different polymers under radiolysis or radio-oxidation [4,22,23]. It can be explained by the formation of new chemical groups formed under irradiation (such as double bounds [24], ester groups [10], or more generally oxidized groups [25,26]) which acts as energy sinks by energy and radicals transfers. This phenomenon has already been explained by Williams [9] as an electron deficiency localized on oxygen atom which will direct reaction to this oxygen atom to complete its valence shell of electrons.…”

Section: Quantification Of Instantaneous Gas Emission Ratesmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…This author indicates that in case of these organic materials, as with all oxygen-containing compounds, the electron deficiency is highly localized on the oxygen atom and the ensuing reactions are strongly directed by the tendency of the oxygen atom to complete its valence shell of electrons [9]. This affirmation can be related to radiation protection effects that have been observed on methylene containing polymers that have different oxidized groups in their backbone, like esters [10] and ketone groups [11]. However, all mechanisms and radicals proposed by Nawar [8] in his review are issued from radiolysis under inert atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This phenomenon has already been explained by Williams [9] as an electron deficiency localized on oxygen atom which will direct reaction to this oxygen atom to complete its valence shell of electrons. Position and concentration of these new chemical groups influence gas emission [10]: increase of dose and thus of concentration, imply energy and radicals transfers but also an increase of direct reactions in the spur, inducing a decrease of the hydrogen formation.…”

Section: Quantification Of Instantaneous Gas Emission Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Aging of magnesium stearate under high doses gamma irradiation and oxidative conditions

Lebeau

Beuvier

Cornaton

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Section: Quantification Of Instantaneous Gas Emission Ratesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Quantification Of Instantaneous Gas Emission Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging of magnesium stearate under high doses gamma irradiation and oxidative conditions

Lebeau

Beuvier

Cornaton

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…Whatever the dose rate, in case of XLPE without inorganic matter—from XLPE M1 to XLPE M4(Irg1076-IrgPS802)—the hydrogen radiation chemical yields extrapolated at zero dose correspond to the mean value obtained from the compiled data of the literature: (3.6 ± 0.4) × 10 −7 mol·J −1 [ 35 ]. The hydrogen formation reaction is known to be very fast because of the extremely high reactivity of the free radicals leading to the formation of this gas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In case of XLPE materials which contain inorganic matter—from XLPE M5(ATH25) to XLPE M7(Irg1076-IrgPS802-ATH50)—the hydrogen radiation chemical yields extrapolated at zero dose were noticeably lower than the mean value in the literature [ 35 ]. Nonetheless, by normalizing the radiation chemical yields obtained to the organic content of the materials, the mean value of the literature was retrieved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio-Oxidation Ageing of XLPE Containing Different Additives and Filler: Effect on the Gases Emission and Consumption

2021

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In the lifetime extension of nuclear power plants (NPPs) context, aging of electric cables has to be very well understood in order to predict their end-of-life and thus to replace them on time. Therefore, evaluation and understanding of the ageing mechanism of the cable insulating material is mandatory under conditions as close as possible of those encountered in NPPs. In this context, different formulated crosslinked polyethylenes (XLPE)—one of the polymers used nowadays to manufacture the insulator layer—have been irradiated under oxidative conditions, at two different dose rates and at different aging doses. Gases emitted and consumed from the irradiated polymers were quantified to identify the primary processes happening in the materials and thus the interactions involved between the different molecules composing the formulated polymers.

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Radiation Chemistry of Polymers

Hill

Whittaker

2016

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Polymeric materials are exposed to high energy radiation either deliberately to alter their properties or inadvertently during their use in high dose environments. As a consequence, an understanding of how radiation modifies polymer structure, and hence properties, is essential for many applications. In addition, the understanding of the degradation of polymers with light or heat can benefit from knowledge of the reaction pathways of radical and charged species formed on irradiation with high energy photons. This article aims to provide a broad overview of the fundamental processes occurring during radiolysis of polymers. This is achieved through a discussion of the interaction of high energy photons with matter, and the subsequent reactions of mainly radical intermediates. Polymers either cross‐link or degrade on exposure to radiation, and the final properties of the polymers depend critically on the balance of these main reaction pathways. Examples are taken from the literature to illustrate how the tendency to undergo cross‐linking or main‐chain scission depends on the polymer structure. The overall yield of reactions can be greatly reduced by the introduction of aromatic groups into the polymer structure. On the other hand, yields can be increased by the inclusion of radiation‐sensitive groups such as sulfones. Similarly, the rates of reactions and the balance between cross‐linking and scission can depend sensitively on the radiolysis temperature. While this review focuses on a discussion of the reactions occurring on radiolysisin vacuo, the effect of the presence of dissolved oxygen on the reaction pathways is also briefly addressed.

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Chemical composition effects of methylene containing polymers on gas emission under γ-irradiation

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Aging of magnesium stearate under high doses gamma irradiation and oxidative conditions

Aging of magnesium stearate under high doses gamma irradiation and oxidative conditions

Radio-Oxidation Ageing of XLPE Containing Different Additives and Filler: Effect on the Gases Emission and Consumption

Radiation Chemistry of Polymers

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