Chemical Composition, Biological Activities and In Silico Analysis of Essential Oils of Three Endemic Prangos Species from Turkey

Abstract

In this study, the essential oils (EOs) obtained from three endemic Prangos species from Turkey (P. heyniae, P. meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides, and P. uechtritzii) were studied for their chemical composition and biological activities. β-Bisabolenal (12.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.9%) were the principal components of P. heyniae EO, while P. meliocarpoides EO contained sabinene (16.7%) and p-cymene (13.2%), and P. uechtritzii EO contained p-cymene (24.6%) and caryophyllene oxide (19.6%), as the most abundant components. With regard to their antioxidant activity, all the EOs were found to possess free radical scavenging potential demonstrated in both DPPH and ABTS assays (0.43–1.74 mg TE/g and 24.18–92.99 mg TE/g, respectively). Additionally, while no inhibitory activity was displayed by P. meliocarpoides and P. uechtritzii EOs against both cholinesterases (acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterases). Moreover, all the EOs were found to act as inhibitors of tyrosinase (46.34–69.56 mg KAE/g). Molecular docking revealed elemol and α-bisabolol to have the most effective binding affinity with tyrosinase and amylase. Altogether, this study unveiled some interesting biological activities of these EOs, especially as natural antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors and hence offers stimulating prospects of them in the development of anti-hyperpigmentation topical formulations.

Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Three Prangos Species (P. heyniae, P. meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides, and P. uechtritzii) Depicted by Comprehensive LC-MS and Multivariate Data Analysis

“…The aerial parts of the Prangos species were collected during Summer 2020 from Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. The information of the collection area was reported in our earlier paper [ 28 ]. Voucher specimens were deposited at the herbarium of Selcuk University, Science Faculty (Voucher numbers: EY-3039, EY-2998, and EY-3023 for P. heyniae , P. meliocarpoides var.…”

“…A recent study by Sevin et al [ 27 ] examined the erectile function of root extract of P. uechtritzii as well as P. heyniae , and the authors reported that oxypeucedanin was the most active coumarin. In our earlier paper [ 28 ], the chemical characterization and biological activities of the essential oils of three Prangos species were reported. Although many studies have examined the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of different Prangos species, the three species examined here still need to be evaluated and confirmed by scientists.…”

Anticholinesterase Compounds from Endemic Prangos uechtritzii

“…[14] In addition to various bioactivity studies of the genus such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, and cytotoxic activities, anticholinesterase activities of the different Prangos species have also been investigated. [15,16] Coumarins are the major groups among the metabolites occurring in the genus and in addition to many biological activities, they also exhibit AChE and BChE inhibitory activities relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. [17] Polyacetylenes are mostly distributed in the families of Apiaceae, Araliaceae, and Asteraceae.…”

“…[21] The phytochemical investigations of P. uechtritzii are limited to GC analysis of volatile oil obtained from the aerial parts and fruits. [15,16] Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory studies are the bioactivity studies conducted with P. uechtritzii. [15,16] However, to the best of our knowledge, the roots of the plant have not been investigated for their detailed phytochemical content, also for anticholinesterase properties.…”

“…Roots of the plant are benefited as an aphrodisiac, anti‐hemorrhoidal, and wound‐healing agent whereas the aerial parts are used as carminative and stimulant in Anatolian folk medicine [14] . In addition to various bioactivity studies of the genus such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, and cytotoxic activities, anticholinesterase activities of the different Prangos species have also been investigated [15,16] …”