Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of the essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus, a plant used in traditional medicine

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec id="j_bmc-2020-0007_s_006_w2aab3b7c45b1b6b1aab1c15b1Aa"><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>Natural products commonly used in traditional medicine, such as essential oils (EOs), are attractive sources for the development of molecules with anti-proliferative activities for future treatment of human cancers, e.g., prostate and cervical cancer. In this study, the chemical composition of the EO from <jats:italic>Cymbopogon nardus</jats:italic> was characterized, as well as its antioxidativeproperties and anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities on LNCaP cells derived from prostate cancer.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="j_bmc-2020-0007_s_007_w2aab3b7c45b1b6b1aab1c15b2Aa"><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The chemical composition of the EO was determined by GC/FID and GC/MS analyses. The antioxidative properties were assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay and ABTS+• radical cation decolorization assay, and the anti-inflammatory capacity was determined by the inhibition of the lipoxygenase activity. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated by MTT assay.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="j_bmc-2020-0007_s_008_w2aab3b7c45b1b6b1aab1c15b3Aa"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Collectively, our data show that the major constituents of <jats:italic>C. nardus</jats:italic> EO are citronellal (33.06 %), geraniol (28.40 %), nerol (10.94 %), elemol (5.25 %) and delta-elemene (4.09 %). <jats:italic>C. nardus</jats:italic> EO shows modest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity compared to the standard galic acid. <jats:italic>C. nardus</jats:italic> EO exhibits the best antiproliferative activity on the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP with an IC50 of 58.0 ± 7.9 μg/mL, acting through the induction of the cell cycle arrest.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="j_bmc-2020-0007_s_009_w2aab3b7c45b1b6b1aab1c15b4Aa"><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>This study has determined that <jats:italic>C. nardus</jats:italic> EO efficiently triggers cytotoxicity and pens a new field of investigation regarding the putative use of this EO <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Molecular Interaction of Chili Compounds (Capsicum annum L) as a COX-2 Inhibitor

“…Dihydrocapsaicin berpotensi sebagai inhibitor COX-2 dengan menstimulus penghambatan pada lima residu asam amino COX-2. Dihidrocapsaicin berpotensi sebagai inhibitor COX-2 menghambat kinerja sitokim pro inflamasi sebagai akibat dari diinduksi COX-2 (Bayala et al, 2020;Funk et al, 2016). Pada Tabel 3 terdapat residu asam amino LEU152 membentuk ikatan elektrostatik.…”

Analysis of the chemical composition, antifungal activity and larvicidal action against Aedes aegypti larvae of the Essential Oil Cymbopogon nardus

“…The components and proportions found in the EOCN in this study (Table 1) do not correspond to those obtained by other respondents in the literature. Bayala et al (2020) while observing the chemical composition and biological activities of Cymbopogon nardus essential oil in a country of the African continent found citronellal (33.06%-19.56min), geraniol (28.40%-22,57min), nerol (10.94%-21.80min), elemol (5.25%-30.52min) and delta-elemene (4.09%-26.43min) as respective majoritarian and retention times, De Toledo et al ( 2016) in their study found that the OECN has citronellal (27.87%-12.54min), geraniol (22.77%-16.73min), geranial (14.54%-17.38min), citronellol (11.85%-15.60min), and nerol (11.21%-16.12min) as main constituents. Both authors consider that these variation of chemical compounds and retention times found in the EOCN may have occurred due to climatic differences, soil type, form of cultivation and geographic location.…”

“…The essential oil of the species Cymbopogon nardus (OECN) is used in the manufacture of cosmetics and perfumes, in addition to having shown antimicrobial action against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Streptococcus spp., and beyond that, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory. The chemical composition of OECN is described in the literature with high content of geraniol and citronellal (Wei et al, 2013;Bayala et al, 2020).…”

In silico study: Potential prediction of Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus essential oil as Lipoxygenase inhibitor

“…Lemongrass or Cymbopogon citratus has been reported to contain some bioactive substances, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroid, and terpenoids. Bioactive compounds in lemongrass essential oil are geraniol, citral, citronellal, and citronellol [1][2][3][4]. Those compounds have functioned as antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anti-tumor [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

“…The study adapted by in silico study. Several chemical substances, including 3,3, camphor, eugenol, curzerenem, and isoborneol, were retrieved from the PubChem database. The PyRx 0.8 was used to minimize and convert the sdf file to a pdb format file of ligands.…”