Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and antibacterial mechanism of action from Marsilea minuta leaf hexane: methanol extract

Abstract

BackgroundIn the present study, hexane: methanol (50:50) leaf extract of Marisela minuta has been evaluated for its chemical composition, antioxidant effect and the antimicrobial mechanism of action against food borne pathogenic bacteria.ResultsThe phytochemical evaluation of extract by GC/MS revealed the major abundance of benzoic acid-4-ethoxyethyl ester (43.39%) and farnesol acetate (18.42%). The extract exhibited potential antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties with promising antibacterial activities against the test pathogens with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most susceptible with maximum inhibition zone (17 mm) and IC50 value of 125 µg, respectively. The significant (p < 0.05) increase in intracellular super oxide dismutase (SOD), protein leakage, extracellular alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in treated test pathogens suggested an increase in oxidative stress reveling the mechanism of action of phytochemicals. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of treated pathogens also showed swollen and distorted cells. The bioactive molecules in the extract were efficiently docked with virulent enzymes and farnesol acetate showed best energy value of − 5.19 and − 4.27 kcal/mol towards Topoisomerase IV and SHV-2 respectively. Benzoic acid-4-ethoxyethyl ester showed best binding against TEM-72 with low binding energy value of − 4.35 kcal/mol.ConclusionDue to its antioxidant and antibacterial properties, the leaf extract of M. minuta may act as promising natural additives to prevent food spoilage bacteria.

Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and action mechanism of different extracts from hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.)

“…In this study, the SEM, relative electric conductivity, membrane potential assays indicated that the permeability of bacteria membrane would be increased, and then the contents such as nucleic acids, proteins and other substances within the cell leaked out. As biocatalysts, enzymes were necessary to biological metabolisms and affected by various of factors, and the activity of endoenzyme as one of the main factors can cause the death of bacterial cell [39][40][41] . Some studies indicated that ROS attack the unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane, and cause lipid peroxidation, eventually leading to the destruction of the cell membrane, which can induce the apoptosis of cells [42][43][44] .…”

Preparation of Highly Substituted Sulfated Alfalfa Polysaccharides and Evaluation of Their Biological Activity

“…S. aureus infections cause various inflammatory reactions, and the widespread use of antibiotics in treatment has made aureus resistant to drugs [ 38 ]. Currently, some natural extracts have been found to inhibit the growth of S. aureus [ 39 , 40 ]. Natural polysaccharides have a weak ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus , though their ability can be improved after chemical modifications [ 15 ].…”

Combined Effect of Spirulina Platensis and Punica Granatum Peel Extacts: Phytochemical Content and Antiphytophatogenic Activity

“…According to these observations, strong antifungal activity could be attributed to phenolic compounds ( Table 1). Possible modes of action of phenolic compounds have been reported in different reviews [51][52][53][54], however the mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. López-Malo et al in 2005 mentioned that the effect of phenolic compounds is concentration-dependent [51].…”

“…They could also interact with membrane proteins, causing a deformation in their structure and functionality [51]. Once the phenolic compound crossed the cellular membrane, interactions with membrane enzymes and proteins would cause an opposite flow of protons, affecting cellular activity [51][52][53][54].…”