Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils and Leaf Extracts of Mentha Pulegium (L) and Glycyrrhiza Foetida (Desf) Against the Phytopathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

This research was conducted to evaluate the components of the Mentha pulegium (L) and Glycyrrhiza foetida (Desf) that were extracted by hydro distillation and analyzed using GC-MS methods. They are spontaneous plants widespread in Gharb of Morocco. The aim of the study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of the essential oils and leaf methanolic extracts of these two medicinal plants against five phytopathogenic bacteria. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the two species by estimating the diameter of the inhibition zone has shown that the essential oil of M. pulegium exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity than G. foetida which varied according to the sensitivity of the phytopathogenic strains. The results obtained revealed different degrees of sensitivity toward methnolic extract. However, the methanolic extract and the essential oil of M. pulegium are more active based on the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The antimicrobial activities of leaf extracts from the two plants highlighted in this study could justify their therapeutic use. These results should be strongly recommended as an alternative to a chemical compound that still represents the problem of toxic residues.

Chemical composition, antifungal and antibiofilm activities of essential oils from Glycyrrhiza foetida (Desf.) growing in Tunisia

“…The analytical procedure revealed the predominance of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (60.1%), distinctly represented by δ ‐cadinene (13.9%), ( E ) ‐ caryophyllene (13.2%) and γ ‐cadinene (8.3%). This research, when compared with similar studies already completed in Morocco (Hanane et al, 2019), demonstrates that δ ‐cadinene (0.58%) and γ ‐cadinene (0.16%) are more abundant in Tunisian essential oil. However ß‐ caryophyllene (24.65%) was detected at a higher percentage in G. foetida collected from the northwestern part of Morocco.…”

“…δ ‐Cadinene (13.9%), ( E ) ‐ caryophyllene (13.2%) and γ ‐cadinene (8.3%) were identified as the major odorous principles stored in the aerial parts of Tunisian G. foetida legumes as shown in Figure 3. However, the main compounds of G. foetida essential oil extracted in Morocco were α ‐isomethyl ionone (33.3%) and β ‐caryophyllene (24.7%) (Hanane et al, 2019).…”

“…According to the literature, amorfrutins are isoprenoid-substituted benzoic acid derivatives, isolated from the roots of edible legume. Glycyrrhiza foetida roots have been shown to be promising selective PPARg agonists with effective antidiabetic efficacy in vitro and in vivo, with none of the side effects associated with synthetic PPARg medicines (Bouayyadi et al, 2015;De Groot et al, 2013;Fuhr et al, 2015;Lougraimzi et al, 2019;Weidner et al, 2012Weidner et al, , 2013. In addition, amorfrutins might have the ability to treat inflammation disorders such as chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and they exhibit antimicrobial and antitumor activities (Weidner et al, 2012).…”