Chemical composition and toxicity of extracts of <i>Fouquieria splendens</i> against <i>Artemia salina</i>

Abstract

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;Ocotillo (&lt;italic&gt;Fouquieria splendens&lt;/italic&gt;) has been used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of blood circulation problems, swelling, and prostatic hyperplasia, among others. The objective of this study was to use different extraction methods (soxhlet, hydrodistillation and ultrasound) and solvents with different polarities (hexane, methyl chloride, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol) to determine volatile compounds contained in ocotillo stems. Solvents used were water in hydrodistillation; hexane, methyl chloride, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol in soxhlet; and a solvent mixture of water acidified with methanol, acetone, and 1% acetic acid at a 50:35:15 ratio in the ultrasound method. The major components identified were bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate, bis (2-Ethylhexyl) ester, butyl acetate, palmitic acid, and myristic acid. A toxicity assay on &lt;italic&gt;Artemia salina&lt;/italic&gt; was conducted and the median lethal concentration was quantified. The bioassay showed that extracts isolated by non-polar solvents are extremely toxic because they were lethal at concentrations lower than 100 ppm, while polar extracts were innocuous. However, in polar extracts were found compounds that suggest their use in traditional medicine, the most relevant being 2-butoxyethanol, pentadecanol, and undecanal.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Plants from Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Mexico Used to Treat Respiratory Diseases: A Review

“…This plant is used in folk medicine as bark tincture from bark, infusion of the stem, roots, leaves, and flowers, or the direct use of leaves and flowers. These are used against different health conditions, such as cough, congestion, infections, stomach pain, wounds, painful, pelvic circulation, hemorrhoids, prostatic hyperplasia, and menstrual cramps [ 75 , 76 ]. On the other hand, scientific studies have shown that extracts from this plant exhibited antiproliferative, antioxidant, insecticidal, antiparasitic, antifungal, and antimicrobial potential [ 14 , 71 , 73 , 75 , 77 ].…”